Week 9 – SS3 First Term Geography Notes

WEEK NINE

ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION OF WEST AFRICA
International Economic Co-operation of West African state (ECOWAS)
The economic community of West African states (ECOWAS) is a sub-regional organization formed by West African countries mainly to promote co-operation and development in all economic fields and to contribute to the progress and development of the African continent.


ORIGIN OF ECOWAS
The treaty called Lagos treaty formally establishing ECOWAS was signed on May 28^th 1975 in Lagos, when the head of states and governments of fifteen independent states of West Africa converged in Lagos, where they signed the treaty. Guinea Bissau later joined to make up sixteen countries. The idea of establishing ECOWAS was conceived by the heads of states of Nigeria and Togo in 1973.

MEMBERSHIP OF ECOWAS
There are sixteen member-states (countries) that make up ECOWAS. These are Nigeria, Togo, Benin Republic, Cote d’Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Guinea Bissau, Gambia, Mauritania, Mali, Niger and Cape Verde.
SECRETERIAT
The administrative or secretariat is located in Abuja, Nigeria while the financial headquarters is in Lomen, Togo. The headquarters was formally in Lagos before taking to Abuja

THE ORGAN OF ECOWAS

1. The authority of the head of states and governments is composed of all the fifteen heads of states of the member states. It is highest decision making body.
   
2. The council of ministers is made up of two members of two member states. The council monitors the functioning and development of the community and make recommendation to the authority.
   
3. The executive secretariat performs the administrative functions of the community.
   

   The seat of the secretariat is Abuja,Nigeria.

4. The tribunal of the community is charged with the functions of interpreting the treaty and ensusing the observance of law and justice.
5. The technical and specialized commissions include:

   i. The trade, customs , immigration , monetary and payment commission .
   ii. The transport , communication and energy commission
   iii. The Industry , Agriculture and Natural Resources commission
   iv. The Social and Cultural Affairs commission
   v. The Defence commission

    ACHIEVEMENTS OR BENEFITS OF ECOWAS

    

6. Development of common market
7. Free movement of people
8. Trade liberalization
9. Cultural integration
10. Educational integration
11. Educational interaction
12. Scientific / technical cooperation
13. Military cooperation
14. Promotion of unity
15. Right to settle anywhere
16. Development of international communication
17. Promotion of sports

 PROBLEMS OF ECOWAS
The following problems have limited the achievements of ECOWAS

1. Similarity of products
2. Fears of domination
3. Difference in political ideology
4. Non- payment of due
5. Non-implementation of programmes
6. Language barriers
7. Differences in currency
8. Allegiance to former colonial master
9. Political instability
10. Problem of transportation
11. Problem of debt burden

 SOLUTIONS TO THE PROLEMS

1. Diversification of production
2. Payment of dues
3. Resolution and programmes
4. Common currency
5. Trade liberalization
6. Teaching of modern language
7. Free movement
8. Political stability
9. Detach from colonial masters
10. Commitment