Week 7 and 8 – SS1 Second Term Civic Education Notes

 WEEK SEVEN
TOPIC: Electoral Malpractice
Sub Topic: Forms of Electoral Malpractices in Nigeria.

1. Compilation of fictitious names
2. Illegal compilation of separate voter’s list.
3. Falsification of election figures.
4. Abuse of voter’s list exercise
5. Allowing under age to vote
6. Harassment, intimidation and victimization of candidates, agents and voters.
7. Manipulation of the process by the ruling party
8. Corruption and bias at various election tribunals

 Causes of Electoral Malpractices
One of the causes of Electoral Malpractice in Nigeria is to perpetuate one ethnic group or party in office at the detriment of other ethnic groups. This is done primarily for selfish and parochial interest i.e.

 Ethnic/Cultural Hegemony in office forever. This has been the bane of Nigeria political scene since independence.

 No thanks to PDP that wanted to impose itself on the populace since May 29^th 1999. Thanks to coming to power of Buhari. APC led government in 2015 April election in the presidential election.

 Long years of Military rule in Nigeria coupled with external influence are traceable factors to electoral malpractice in Nigeria.

 WAYS OF PREVENTING ELECTORAL MALPRACTICES IN NIGERIA

1. There should be proper delimitation of constituency on equal population basis to give room for equal representation.
2. The electoral body must be a true independent body and non-partisan
3. The electoral commission must take make proper compilation of names of eligible voter’s list.
4. The voter’s registers must be displayed to remove dead one’s name and as well include qualified ones
5. Proper and adequate security must be put in place to create conducive atmosphere for electorates to exercise their voting rights.

Evaluation
see your work book for exercise.
WEEK EIGHT
TOPIC: Planning for Results
NEED FOR PLANNING

1. To ensure and increase the rate of economic development. Planning assist in increasing the rate of capital formation by raising the levels of income, saving and investment.
2. To remove widespread unemployment
3. To remove high level of poverty and bring about even distribution of resources to the people
4. To promote risk management in executing public project and enhance organizational and individual learning.
5. Planning would enhance proper growth and development so that we would be able to measure our performance with other Advanced Democracies of the west as well as “Asian Tigers – China, Malaysia, Singa pore and South Korea as well.

 BENEFITS OF PLANNING

1. Planning enable us to know what should be done, when, without proper planning, projects or programmes may be implemented at the wrong time or in the wrong manner and result in poor outcomes.
2. Planning helps us to manage crises and ensure smoother implementation.
3. Planning improves focus on priorities and lead to more efficient use of time, money and other resources.
4. Planning helps to determine what success will look like.

   A proper plan helps individuals and units to know whether the results achieved are those that were intended and to assess any discrepancies.

 CONSEQUENCIS OF NOT PLANNING

1. Lack of planning or inadequate planning may lead to wastage of materials and human resources.
2. It may lead to vicious circles of poverty. If people are backward and illiterate, lack in technical skill, knowledge and entrepreneurial activity. The natural resources will tend to remain unutilized, underutilized or even misutilized.
3. There will be low rate of capital formation in the country low productivity leads to low real income, low saving, low investment and to low rate of capital formation.
4. Lack of planning hindered economic growth and development in the society.
5. Unplanned economy may lead to state of anarchy, chaos, kidnapping, acrimony, killing, harassment and intimidation of innocent citizens in the society. No thanks to problems of kidnapping and militancy in Niger Delta, Boko Haram in the Northern Nigeria etc.

 MEANING OF PLANNING
Planning can be defined as the process of setting goals, developing strategies, outlining the implementation arrangements and allocating resources to achieve those goals.

 Evaluation
see your work book for exercise.