Week 7 and 8 – Jss 1 Third Term Basic Science & Technology (BST) Lesson Notes

 WEEKS SEVEN AND EIGHT
EARTH AND SPACE

• Solar system
  
• Rotation and revolution
  
• Eclipse
  
• Season
  

 Solar system
The sun and all the bodies orbiting round it makes up the solar system. The planets and their moons are the main bodies that revolve round the sun.
Other bodies in the solar system are asteroids, comets, and meteoroids.
THE PLANETS
Nearest to the sun is mercury, the smallest of the planets. Then come Venus, Earth, Mass, Jupiter [the biggest planet], Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. The distance across the solar system is about 12000million kilometers.
PLANET

1. Mercury
2. Venus
3. Earth
4. Mass
5. Jupiter
6. Saturn
7. Uranus
8. Neptune
9. Pluto

Rotation and revolution
Rotation: This is the movement of a planet about its axis. Rotation of the earth brings about night and day.
Revolution: This is movement of a planet round the sun in the solar system. The Earth revolves round the sun giving rise to seasons. The earth takes approximately 365 days to revolve round the sun.
THE EARTH
The earth is the third planet from the sun and it is the only known planet in the universe that harbors living things. The earth contains water which in addition to the oxygen assists in supporting life on earth.
The earth does not produce light hence it is said to be non-luminous.
While those heavenly bodies that give out light, such as the stars and the sun are said to be luminous.
The earth has only one satellite called the moon. The moon revolves round the earth. The earth rotates about its axis giving rise to day and night.
THE SUN
The sun is the single biggest star in the universe that supplies all planets light and heat. The sun does not rotate. Earth revolves round the sun giving rise to seasons. The earth takes approximately 365 days to revolve round the sun. There is no water or atmosphere in the sun.
THE MOON
The moon is the only earth satellite that revolves round its axis. The moon gives a reflection of light from the sun and supplies the earth with moon light. The moon is non- luminous and has no life on it.
Eclipse
Eclipse is the full or partial blocking of light from one celestial body by another celestial body
Types of eclipse

1. Eclipse of the sun: This occurs when the moon moves between the sun and the earth and all are exactly in a straight line.
   
2. Eclipse of the moon: It occurs when the earth is between the sun and the moon and the three are exactly on a straight line.
   

NOTE: There is nothing like eclipse of the earth.
Climate and Seasons
Climate can be defined as the average weather condition of a particular area for a given period of time.
Seasons: The revolving of the earth about the sun gives rise to seasons.
Different parts of the surface of the earth have the sun shining on them at different times of the year.
There is a time when there are shorter days and longer nights during some months in a year, and also shorter nights and longer days during some other months.
There are also some months during which the days and nights are equal in duration. This happens because the earth moves in an orbit around the sun. The earth tilts in opposite direction twice a year, hence, giving rise to two seasons –Rainy and Dry seasons
CLASSWORK 7&8

1. What is solar system?
   
2. How many planets do we have? Mention them
   
3. What is climate?
   

ASSIGNMENT 7&8
SECTION A

1. The sun and all the bodies orbiting round it makes up the (a) solar system (b) galaxy (c) meteoroids (d) comets
2. How many planets do we have (a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 9 (d) 12
3. The third planet after the earth from the sun is (a) mass (b) mercury (c) Jupiter (d) Saturn
4. The average weather condition of a particular area for a given period of time is (a) weather (b) season (c) climate (d) session
5. Other bodies in the solar system include the following except(a) asteroid (b) comets (c) water (d) meteoroids
6. The revolving of the earth about the sun gives rise to(a) day (b) night (c) seasons (d) sun
7. Which of the following pairs are not both planets (a) Mercury and Saturn (b) Earth and Moon (c) Venus and Mars (d) Jupiter and Pluto
8. Rotation of earth about its axis causes(a) climate (b) season (c) day and night (d) evening
9. ………. is the full or partial blocking of light from one celestial body by another celestial body (a) rotation (b) revolution (c) eclipse (d) climate
10. Which of the following is odd? (a) Mercury, Venus and Earth (b) Saturn, Uranus and Pluto (c) Earth, Mars and Jupiter (d) Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus

SECTION B

1. Define the following terms (a) eclipse (b) revolution of the earth (c) rotation of the earth
2. Differentiate between climate and season?