Week 5 – Jss 2 First Term English Studies Lesson Notes

WEEK FIVE (5)
Speech Work: Revision of Consonant Sound (t, d, k, g)
/t/ – To produce /t/, the tip of the tongue is in contact with the alveolar ridge and this contact obstruct the flow of air. On immediate release, the air pressure escapes with the usual sound. There is no vibration of the vocal cords since the glottis is wide open.
This consonants is therefore a voiceless alveolar plosive. There are many spelling symbols for /t/ and they are shown below:
“t” as in ten
“tt” as in letter
“th” as in thames
“ed” as in looked
The “t” is not actually pronounced in words like “Christmas”, “Castle”, “listen” and “wrestle”.
Pronounce the following words in which /t/ occurs at the initial and final positions;
    Initial position                 Final position
    Ten                        net
    Tip                        pit
    Tub                        but
    Tell                        let
    Tone                        note
/d/ – The production of /d/ involves the tip of the tongue in contact with the alveolar ridge. This contact results in a total obstruction of airstream which is however, released immediately with an explosive sound. The vocal cords vibrates as /d/ produced. While /t/ is a voiceless alveolar plosive, /d/ is a voiced alveolar plosive. The only spelling symbols for /d/ are “d” as in “did” and “ed” as in moved. This consonant is almost always pronounced whenever it occurs in a word except in a word like “handsome”.
Pronounce the following words with /d/ at the initial and final position.
    Initial position             Final position
    Dam                     mad
    Don                     nod
    Down                     wound
    Dog                     god
    Dear                    lead

 /k/ – to produce /k/, the back of the tongue makes contact with the velum. This contact results in a total obstruction of the flow of air. The air pressure which builds up is suddenly released with an explosive sound. The glottis is open so that the vocal cords do not vibrate as /k/ is produced. This consonant which is a voiceless velar plosive, has many spelling symbols as shown below:
“k” as in king
“c” as in coat
“cc” as in account
“ch” as in chemistry
“q” as in liquid
“ck” as in back
The “k” is usually not pronounced before “n” at the beginning word like “know” and “knock”. Pronounce the following words; paying attention to the initial and final occurrences of /k/
    Initial position            Final position
    Cop                poke
    Cap                pack
    Calm                mark
    Kill                lick
    Kin                 nick
/g/ – this consonant is the voiced counterpart of /k/. This means that the process of production of /g/ is similar to that of /k/ except that the local cord vibrate as /g/ is produced. /g/ is therefore voiced velar plosive which is spelt “g” and “gh” as in give and ghost respectively. The “g” is not pronounced before “n” at the beginning or end of word such as “gnaw”, “gnash”, “sign”and “reign” and before “m” at the end of words such as “paradigm” and diaphragm”. Pronounce the following word with /g/ at the beginning and end of the words.
    Initial position         Final position
    Good                dog
    Gel                keg
    Gas                mug
    Gun                mug
    Gut                 tug

 Assignment

1. /g/ is not pronounced before “n”, give three words of such

    

2. Give five words using /k/ at the initial and final position of production

 
 LESSON TWO (2)
GRAMMAR: The present continuous tense
1. The present continuous tense can be used when we want to tell people that something is happening new, at the very moment of writing and speaking. Example:
a. John is writing a letter
b. Ade is insulting his friend
c. Alade is dancing
d. We are moving to the royal palace

 2. The Present continuous tense is used for event which have been clearly arranged for the future. Examples:
i. Joshua is taking the first leaving certificate examination next week.
ii. Paul is leaving this institution
iii. We are coming to the party organised by the president next week.

 Assignment
Progressive English (An elaborate coverage) Page 71. Exercise 3D. no 1, 2, 5, 12 and 15
LESSON THREE (3)
Reading and comprehension:
i. Reading to identify words in various contexts
The purpose of the passage
One very common purpose of a piece of writing is to tell the reader how to do something, i.e. the writer is giving the reader instructions.
Unit 4 – My Home Town
In addition, the purpose of this passage is to describe a place. The writer wants the reader to imagine a town which few of them know. So we can study it to note what kind of language is necessary in writing a description.
An outline or guide to this description.

1. Prepare yourself for writing a description
2. identify or note the word you have listed to use
3. use your dictionary to find words you do not know or cannot remember
4. pay specific attention to the correct passive form of necessary verbs.

 CLASS WORK
Now read the passage and answer the questions that follows (Page 33 – 34, unit four)
VOCABULARY BUILDING
TOPIC: A place of worship (Word Associated with place of worship)

1. Temple
2. Synagogue
3. Church
4. Mosque
5. Shrine
6. Mountain
7. Mecca
8. Jerusalem and so on.

Assignment
Use your dictionary to find a correct meaning to the words listed above.

 
 
 LESSON FOUR (4)
COMPOSITION: REVIST THE FORMAT OF AN INFORMAL LETTER AND FORMAL LETTER
Introduction: writing is the means of communication. We shall revisit the formal and informal letter in this lesson.
A. A formal letter is refers to the business, letter or an official letter e.g. for casual leave by staff in offices or an application for a job.
The features of the formal letter

1. The address: this should be written at the top of a letter on the right hand corner. Remember to write the name of you state and date. Write the date in full and put a full stop after abbreviation.

   8, Adesanya street
   Ile – Epo,
   Oke – Ode,
   Lagos.
   22^nd October, 2015

The principal,
Elias International School,
Ile – Epo,
Oke – Odo,
Lagos.

 ii. The recipients address: the recipient’s address should be written on the left hand side below the writer’s address. The example is written above.
iii. Salutation (greetings)
The name in salutation is followed by a comma. Example, Dear sir, Dear madam, Sir, Dear, Mr. Akpan, Gentlemen, etc.
iv. Title – A formal letter should have a title. Example:

1. A letter of Apology
2. The causes of Road Accidents
3. The importance of Agriculture etc

v. Introduction: the introduction should show what the letter is all about
vi. The body of the letter: Write clear and simple English. Mind your tenses. Pay attention to spelling and punctuations. Try to be specific.
vii. Conclusion: The conclusion should draw together the idea and its relationship with the major points
viii. Subscription: Subscription comes at the end of the letter. This is followed by a comma. Remember to write ‘Y’ in capital letter.
Note that: faithfully is written with small letter but not capital. Example
                                    Yours faithfully ,
ix. Signature and name: put your name below Ayodele Oke the signature.

 B. THE INFORMAL LETTER
Informal letter refers to the letters we write to our brothers, friends, parents, sons, daughters, husbands, relations, etc. informal letters are also known as private letters.
The features of the information letter
i. Writer’s address: This should be written at the top of a letter on the right hand corner. Remember to write your state and date.
3, Ayodele Cresent,
Ojuelegba,
Surulere,
Lagos.
13^th August, 2015.
ii. Salu tation: (greetings) example My dear, father, dear, mummy, my dear mother, dear Sarah, dear brother, dear Uncle Oliver, my dear sister, my darling etc.
iii. Introduction: the introduction should show what the letter is all about.
iv. The body of the letter: this is one of the most important aspect of a letter. Write a clear and simple English – try to avoid “pompous” language. Mind your tenses. Pay attention to spelling and punctuation. Try to develop paragraph around your main points.
v. Conclusion: the conclusion should draw together the idea and its relationship with the major points.
vi. Subscription: this comes at the end of the letter. This is followed by a comma. Remember to write ‘Y’ in capital letter. Note that affectionately, friend, loving and sincerely are written with small letters but capital letters.
Examples:     yours sincerely,
        Yours ever,
        Yours loving son,
        Your friend,
        Yours affectionately,
vii. Name: put your name below the subscripted, an example.
                    Yours sincerely,
                    Ade

 Assignment
Write a letter to your brother/sister in another school, tell him/her the changes which have taken place in your school in the recent time.

 LESSON FIVE (5)
LITERATURE – IN – ENGLISH
Use the recommended text on Drama. .

1. Theme
2. Setting – mixture of East & Western Region

a. Themes: (i) Selfishness, betrayal, supernatural power, the reward of being wicked.

 Assignment
Discuss in full to major theme that sounds the title of this play (a) selfishness (b) wickedness