Week 4 – Jss 3 First Term Home Economics Lesson Notes

WEEK 4
CARE AND HANDLING OF DIFFERENT FABRICS
Reasons for care of clothing

1. To make the clothing last longer. Dirt can damage fabrics
2. To kill any disease-carrying germs and pests in the fabrics
3. To keep the clothes looking clean or better, dirty clothes are unpleasant to look at
4. To save money since clean clothes last longer
5. To ensure that whatever clothes you have will be available for wearing anytime.

LAUNDRY AGENTS AND EQUIPMENT

1. Water; used for soaking, washing and rinsing clothes.
2. Soaps and detergents; to lower the surface tension of water, remove certain stains, kill carrying germs in fabrics.
3. Bleaches; make white cotton and linen fabrics whiter, remove certain stains, kill disease carrying germs in fabric.
4. Stiffening agents; to stiffen cotton and linen fabrics, to give the fabrics a smooth surface and fresh look
5. Stain removers; to remove stains from fabrics.

LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS

1. Equipment and tools for collecting dirty clothes; these include linen baskets or bins, laundry bags
2. Equipment and tools for washing; these include basins, buckets and laundry tubs or trays, they can be made of plastics, stainless steel or porcelain. We also have washing machine.
3. Equipment and tools for drying; clothes lines, movable clothes, horses or hangers, pegs e.t.c.
4. Ironing or pressing equipment; These include the iron, ironing board, ironing pads e.t.c.

GENERAL GUIDELINES AND STEPS IN LAUNDERING FABRICS

1. Sorting
2. Mending
3. Stain removal
4. Soaking and steeping
5. Washing
6. Rinsing
7. Boiling
8. Bluing and stiffening
9. Drying
10. Finishing or ironing
11. Airing
12. Folding and storage.

Assignment
Explain the steps in laundry process
THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
The basic elements of designs are

1. LINE: This refers to the outline of an object or to the obvious lines within it.
2. SHAPE: This refers to the form of a solid object, which is created when lines are combined. The outline of a garment is its shape.
3. SPACE: This refers to the three dimensional area that is to be designed. It is the entire area within a garment.
4. TEXTURE: This is the way the surface of a fabric looks and feels.
5. COLOUR: This is one of the most important elements. It has many visual effects and its own language.

COLOUR WHEEL
This is an arrangement of colours in a circle to show how they are related.

1. The primary colours: They are red, yellow and blue.
2. The secondary colours: They are orange, green and purple/ violet.
3. Tertiary colours: These are six, and each is a blend of primary and secondary colours. They include red- violet, blue- violet, blue- green, yellow- green, yellow- orange and red- orange.
4. Warm colours: These are red, yellow, orange, yellow- orange etc.
5. Cool colours: These are blue, green, purple, blue- purple etc.

POINTS TO REMEMBER WHEN CHOOSING COLOURS

1. Cool and dark colours make one look smaller than normal.
2. Warm and light or bright colours make one look larger than normal.
3. Bright contrasting colours draw attention to the figure, they therefore make one look larger than normal.
4. Black can be used with all colour except very dark brown because there will be no contrast.
5. White goes with every colour provided it is used sparingly.
6. Brown goes well with yellow, green, light blue, orange etc.
7. Grey as neutral colour, it harmonizes with red, yellow, blue, green, orange and purple.