Week 1 and 2 – Jss 2 First Term English Studies Lesson Notes

ENGLISH STUDIES J S2

 WEEK TWO (2)
SPEECH WORK
Revision of consonant sound with emphasis on constant cluster.
As we already know, there are forty-four speech sounds on English. While twenty of them is vowels, the remaining twenty four are consonants. A consonant is produced with the flow if air from the lungs is in erupted somewhere in the ducal clarity (mouth). A consonant is therefore a speech sound which produced with the obstruction of airstream is. The obstruction could be ‘partial ‘or ‘total’, The important thing about the production of a consonant, therefore, is that there is always a degree of obstruction of the airstream from the lungs. The degree of obstruction of air is one of the three important factors used in classifying the English consonants.
        These factors are usually considered in the classification of consonants. These are:
Place of articulation.
Manner of articulation.
State of glottis.

 Here are the lists of consonant sound with examples.

1. /p/ as in pan,prefect,nap
2. /b/ as in bud, rubber, rubs.
3. /t/ as in tea, seat, heater.
4. /k/ as in come, marking, pack.
5. /d/ as in dip, hide, riddles.
6. /g/ as in get, target, rag.
7. /f/ as in fork, suffer, cough.
8. /v/ as in van, river, live.
9. /0/ as in anthem, think, both.
10. /∂ / as in this, father, breathes.
11. /s/ as in sip, racing, place.
12. /z/ as in Zink, razor, has.
13. /S/ as in ship, lashes, fish.
14. // as in genre, vision, garage.
15. /h/ as in hat, behave
16. /t_{S/ as in cheap, richer, teach.}
17. /d/ as in joy, rejoice, page.
18. /l/ as in lock, follow, sell.
19. /r/ as in rag, borrow,______
20. /w/ as in win, rewind,______
21. /j/ as in yes, _______.
22. /m/ as in man, remain, him.
23. /n/ as in net, runner, rain.
24. /J/ as in singer, bang, _________.

     From the above example above, we can see that most of the consonant can occur at the beginning, middle and end of word but a few of there consonant are restricted to certain position.
        
    Classification according to features.

    	State of the Glottis	Place of Articulation
    STOP (PLOSIVE)	Voiceless	Voiced	Bilabial Alveolar Velar
    P T K	B d g
    FRICATIVE	F Ø S S H	V ∂ Z 	Labia dental Dental Alveolar Pala to-Alveolar Glottal
    AFFRICATE	tS	d	Palato-Avleolar
    LATERAL		L	Alveolar
    LIQUID		R	Alveolar
    SEMI VOWEL		w j	Bilabial Palatal
    NASAL		M N J	Bilabial Alveolar Velar

      CONSONANT CLUSTER
    This is the placement of two or more consonant side by side in a word. In many of Nigeria language there is no consonant cluster but in English, there may be initial cluster of two or three consonant. The following are example of consonant cluster. Garden, buffer, friend, peddle, coffle, little, cotton, settles. E.t.c.
    Clusters of two consonants
    Example:
        Bride            crime
        Shrink             stand
        Glad            crop
        Dwell            flame
        Play            tray.
    In English words, there may be a consonant at the end of a word. While two or three consonant can occur at the beginning of a word in English, the language permits at most four consonant in a cluster at the end of a word. Examples: lion, tempts, exempts, sixths, prompt, seed e.t.c.
    LESSON TWO
    GRAMMAR: Transitive an intransitive verbs.
    TRANSITIVE: A transitive verb has an object. In other words, the action of the verb is transferred from the subject to the object.
    Example (i) Ayo shouted at his wife -obj.
            (ii) Olu wrote a letter – obj.
            (iii) Mr Ojo killed a goat – obj.
    INTRANSITIVE VERBS: An intransitive verb does not need object for completion. It does not have an object. In other words, the action of the verb does not go across from the subject to the object. Example:
    The baby cries.
    Samuel laughs.
    The pig grunts.
    The lion roars.
    The sun shines.

     ASSIGNMENT
    Indicate which of the following transitive or intransitive verb is.
     

25. The water is boiling.
26. Justine slept
27. Mr olayemi punished the late comers.
28. The boy ate the rice.
29. The door is open half way.

    LESSON THREE(3)
    READING AND COMPREHENSION
    Reading to understand the writer’s purpose.
    Content: comprehension is a process of reading, understanding and explaining what is written in a passage. For every comprehension exercise, there must be a passage to be read.
    The purpose of comprehension exercise is to test student’s understanding of a given passage. In comprehension, the thoughts of the writer’s are presented to student for reading, understanding and explaining.
    Instruction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions. No 1: unit one (1) how we spent the Holiday.
    Reference: New oxford English course for junior secondary school (upper Basic Education) 2, page 8, 9.

             ASSIGNMENT.
    Student should answer question 6 – 10 from home.
    LESSON FOUR (4)
    CONTINUOUS WRITING: COMPOSITION
    Descriptive Essay – A Local Festival.
    Content: What is a descriptive essay?
    A descriptive essay is writing about the way persons, animals or things appear. In writing a description, a writer goes through another medium that shows accurate copy of what he intends to describe in a moment of time. Description concentrates primarily on things rather than the actions in which the thing participate. Descriptive writing involves the use of words which give the qualities of the subject or object of description. e.g friendly, good, bad, dull, nice etc. Descriptive also provides details that strengthens it and makes it vivid. The use of figurative language gives colour to a description. They are: the simile and the metaphor.

     TITLE: A LOCAL FESTIVAL
    INTRODUCTION (A new yam festival).
    The new yam festival, otherwise called “Ogun festival” in Abule oja. It comes up once a year. It is the greatest and most celebrated traditional festival in Abule-oja. It celebrated in honour of ogun the Yoruba “god of iron and war”. It is the only festival that brings together the people in the village both those at home, and abroad as well as all those who belong to different religion. Be they Christians, Muslims or traditional worshippers all unite as one during ogun festival at Abule oja. The last one was celebrated from 15^th -18^th August 2013. It was most celebrated in recent years as new age grade of which I was an active member fared during the festival.
    ________________________________________________________________
    Finally, it was recommended by the media men that covered the festival that such should be integrated into national journalism (FOR FOURTH WEEK)

• FOR WEEK FOUR.

  TITLE: A PLACE OF INTEREST 1
  ONCE VISITED. (ORAL DISCUSION).
  It was last year august 2014 during the summer coaching, we were taken on an excursion to Ibadan zoo. This was my first time of visiting the place. I was happy to see many attractive and interesting thins there. At the same, there are wild animals that frightened me, and almost row not to visit the zoo again.
  The first place we were taken to the monkey cage called chimpanzee
  Big with horrible look. He was serve bunch of banana as he finished it within some minutes. I also saw a lion cave very wild and he roars to frighten people. I saw a python (snake) and I learnt that he can swallow big animals, even human being alive. In addition, I saw other animals such as Giraffe fox, horse, elephant etc.
  At exactly two o’clock, we are asked to get back into the school bus, as we begin our journey back to Lagos. Our discussion while coming was nothing but the experience acquired at the zoo. We finally got to Lagos at exactly 5:15pm, Getting home I narrated my beautiful experience to my parents and my sibling who wish they were there also.

               ASSIGNMENT
  Write nothing less than 200 words on ‘A place of interest I once visited.”

   LESSON FIVE: LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
  Use the recommended text: ‘A drama text

• Reading
• Explanation on few chapter two and three

   ASSIGNMENT
  Discuss the main character as hero in the text.