SUBJECT:
BASIC SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY {BST} – BASIC SCIENCE
CLASS:
JUIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL 1
TERM:
FIRST
SCHEME OF WORK
WEEK TOPIC
- Living and non-living things (I) – meaning, classification and state of matter.
- Living and non-living things (II) – characteristics of living and non-living things, examples and importance of plants and animals.
- Living and non-living things (III) – differences between plants and animals; examples, properties and uses.
- Living and non-living things (IV) – classification of non-living things into metals and non-metals
- Human development – puberty, adolescence and personal hygiene
MID-TERM PROJECT
- Family health (I) – sanitation
- Family health (II) – nutrition
- Family health (II) – nutrition
- Family health (III) – drug and drug abuse
- Reproductive system – male and female reproductive system
- Revision
- Examination
WEEK 1
MATTER
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Examples are a stone, sand, water, biro, air etc. All matter is made up of tiny particles called atom.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
- Matter occupy space
- Matter have mass
- Matter is made up of particles
- It exists in solids, liquids or gasses
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
Matter can be classified into two major types
- Living Matter: This refers to things that have life in them e.g. goat, man, lion, plant etc.
- Non-Living Matter: This refers to things that have no life in them e.g. stone, water, chair, book, etc.
STATES OF MATTER
Matter exists in three main states. These are:
- Solid state
- Liquid state
- Gaseous state
Solid State
In the solid state the particles are held in fixed position. They are arranged in a regular manner and hence have a fixed or definite shape. The particles are held together by strong force of attraction. Examples are wood, stone, nail, book, chair etc.
Liquid State
In the liquid State, the particles are not in fixed position like the solids. The particles can move about but still restricted by the wall of the container. The force of attraction between the particles is weak, hence, liquids flow. Liquid takes the shape of the container. Examples are water, petrol, groundnut oil etc.
Gaseous State
In the gaseous state, the particles are wide apart and move about easily at very high speed. This makes it easy to compress a large volume of gas into a small volume. Examples are air, oxygen, nitrogen, Carbon dioxide etc.
CHANGE OF STATE
This is the process by which matter changes from solid to liquid, liquid to gases or vice versa.
Evaporation
This is the process by which a substance in the liquid state changes to gas or vapour. This takes place at normal atmospheric conditions and at any temperature.
Condensation
This is the change of gas to liquid
Boiling
This is the rapid vaporization of a liquid which occurs when a liquid is heated to its boiling point. It occurs at a given temperature. The temperature at which liquid boils is called boiling point. The boiling point of water is 100oc.
Melting
This is the process by which a substance changes from the solid state to the liquid state on application of heat. The particular temperature at which the solid meets is called melting point.
CLASSWORK
- What is matter?
- How many states of matter do we have? Mention them
- Mention three examples each under the three states of matter
ASSIGNMENT
SECTION A
- The change of state from a solid to liquid is called (a) evaporation (b) freezing (c) melting (d) sublimation
- In which state of matter do the particles move freely? (a) solid (b) liquid (c) gas (d) molecules
- The change of state from a liquid to gas is called (a) evaporation (b) freezing (c) melting (d) sublimation
- Which of the following best describes the three states of matter? (a) kerosene, steam and palm oil (b) petrol, water and stone (c) steam, water and palm oil (d) water, palm oil and stone
- The tiny particle ha make up matter is called (a) stones (b) pebbles (c) atom (d) solid
SECTION B
- Define the following terms: (a) evaporation (b) freezing (c) melting
- List the three properties of matter