WAEC SYLLABUS FOR WOODWORK – I.E.D 2021/2022 (WASSCE)

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1.

General Workshop Safety

(a) Personal safety

precautions.

(b) General Workshop safety

regulations.

(c) Safety devices and

appliances.

(d) Hand tool safety.

(e) Machine safety:

(i) General machine shop

safety;

(ii) Safety precautions in

the use of portable

power tools and

machines;

(iii) Safety in machines

operations;

(iv) Prevention of

mechanical faults.

(f) First aid.

Types and uses

Safety precautions in carrying, storing, and handling hand tools.

Materials and administration.

2.

Hand tools

(a) Types

(b) Classification:

geometrical, holding and

supporting, impelling and

percussion, cutting, boring, abrading and scraping tools.

To include identification, description and sketching.

3.

Special Purpose Hand tools.

Types and uses:

• Planes: spokeshaves rebate Plane, Plough plane, block plane, shoulder plane etc.
• Saws: bow saw, pad/ keyhole saw, coping saw, fret saw.
• Boring bit: expansion bit, forstner bit, countersink bit, auger bit, etc.
• Shapers: scrapers, rasps, surforms, etc.

To include identification, description and sketching.

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4.

Portable Power tools.

(a) Types: Power drill, jig

saw, spray gun, screw

driver, sanders, router,

power circular saw, etc.

(b) Uses.

To include identification, description, care and safe use.

5.

Woodworking machines.

(a) Types: Circular saw,

crosscut saw,

thicknesser, surface

planer, mortiser, lathe,

grinding wheel, drilling machine, etc.

(b) Uses.

(c) Safety Precautions.

To include identification, description, care and safe use.

To include the use of guards, fences, push sticks, push blocks, gauges etc.

6.

Maintenance

(a) Types: corrective,

routine, predictive and

preventive.

(b) Reasons for maintenance

(c) Maintenance of hand

tools.

(d) Maintenance of

machines.

To include maintenance activities, materials and tools.

To include oiling, sharpening, repairing, storing etc.

To include cleaning, oiling, servicing, replacing parts etc.

7.

West African Timbers in common use.

(a) Timber growth and

structure.

(b) Common West African

Timbers e.g. Iroko

(Odum), abura,

mahogany, obeche

(Wawa), African walnut,

afara, ebony, danta,

emery, shedua,

mansonia, cedar,

afromosia (kokrodua),

avodire, kusia.

(c) Characteristics.

(d) Uses

Structure to include classification, e.g. soft/hardwoods. Parts and their functions

Surface, working and mechanical qualities, similarities and differences.

Specific uses.

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8.

Timber Conversion

(a) Explanation.

(b) Conversion methods:

(i) plain/through and

through/live sawing;

(ii)Tangential/back/flat/

rake sawing

(iii)Quarter/radial/rift

sawing;

(c) Common market sizes:

log, plank, scantling,

board, batten, strip/lath,

squares.

Characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each method.

Including, identification description and uses.

9.

Timber seasoning

(a) Explanation.

(b) Reasons for seasoning

(c) Methods of seasoning:

Natural/open air ,

artificial/kiln, water and

chemical seasoning.

(d) Determination of

moisture content:

(i) moisture meter

method;

(ii) oven dry method.

Advantages and disadvantages of each method.

Advantages and disadvantages of each method.

Calculation of percentage moisture content.

10.

Timber defects

(a) Explanation of timber  defect.

(b) Types of defects

(i) natural growth defects;

(ii) felling defects;

(iii) conversion defects;

(iv) seasoning defects;

(v) defects caused by

Organisms.

Causes, prevention, remedies, description and sketching.

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11.

Timber preservation

(a) Reasons for preserving

timber.

(b) Common timber

preservatives

(c) Properties of a good

timber preservative

(d) Methods of applying

timber preservatives:

brushing, dipping,

spraying etc.

To include specific uses.

Advantages and disadvantages of each method.

12.

Manufactured boards

(i) types;

(ii) structure;

(iii) characteristics

(iv) uses.

To include description and uses.

Advantages and disadvantages of each type.

13.

Timber Preparation

(a) Selection of tools and

machines

(b) Operational sequence:

(i) hand preparation;

(ii) machine preparation.

To include practical preparation of stock.

14.

Woodwork joints

Classification:

(i) widening joints: simple

butt, dowel, tongued and

grooved, loose tongue,

rebated butt etc.

(ii) angle joints: mortise and

tenon, dowelled butt,

dovetails, housing,

halving etc.

(iii) framing joints: mortise

and tenon, bridle, plain

mitre, dowelled butt,

halving etc.

To include identification, description, sketching, construction, specific use etc.

15.

Wood finishes and finishing.

Wood finishes:

(i) types: fillers, stains,

paints, varnishes,

lacquers, polishes etc.

(ii) application of finishes:

• surface preparation;
• tools;
• methods: brushing,

spraying, dipping, etc.

To include:

(i) properties, characteristics and uses of each.

To include:

(i) stages and tools for each  method.

(ii) Safety precautions.

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16.

Wood abrasives

(a) Meaning

(b) Grades: coarse, medium

and fine.

(c) Selection and uses.

Identification, selection and uses.

To include specific application of each grade.

17.

Wood adhesives

Types:

(a) protein: animal, casein

(b) synthetic resins: urea,

phenol and melamine

formaldehydes, epoxyl

resins, polyvinyl acetate

(PVA).

(c) contact/rubber based

To include characteristics, uses, preparation and application and safety precaution during application.

18.

Wood fittings and fasteners

(a) Fittings: e.g. hinges,

locks, handles, bolts,

catches, etc.

(b) Fasteners: Nails, screws,

bolts and nuts, corrugated

fasteners etc.

To include identification, description, sketching, uses, application, fixing etc.

To include identification, description, sketching, uses, application, fixing etc.

19.

Non-wood materials

Types: Glass, plastics, rubber,

ceramics, metal,

leather, etc.

To include identification, description, characteristics, uses and other types of each.

20.

Veneers and Veneering

(a) Veneers: Types

Production.

(b) Veneering:

(i) Methods: hammer,   press.

(ii) Tools: veneer hammer,

pressing iron,

cramps, caul, etc.

To include identification, description and uses.

To include the processes for each method.

To include identification, description, sketching and uses.

21.

Wood shaping and bending.

(a) Shaping: Rounding,

moulding, bevelling,

chamfering, tapering,

carving, etc.

1. Bending: Solid, laminated

To include identification, description, sketching, processes, techniques, tools and machines, properties of wood suitable for each.

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22.

Design and Drawing

(a) Concept of design;

(b) Design fundamentals and

processes;

(c) Free hand sketching;

(e) Working drawings;

(f) Cutting list and bill of

materials;

(g) Basic draftsmanship

skills.

Working drawings in the First and Third Angle orthographic projections. Indication of cutting correct sectional representation of the materials are assential.

23.

Project Design and Construction.

(a) Identification and

analysis of given design

problems.

(b) Designing to solve the

problems.

(c) Estimating the cost of the

design.

(d) Constructing to meet the

design specification.

Design problems should arise from customer needs, market survey, situation analysis, etc.

To include evaluating the product to meet design purpose and specification.

24.

Upholstery

(a) Upholstery work.

(b) Hand tools and machines:

needles, pair of scissors,

hammer, webbing

stretcher, sewing

machine, buttoning

machine.

(c) Materials e.g. for framing,

stuffing/padding,

covering, decorating.

(d) Processes and techniques:

framing, padding,

covering, finishing,

decoration, etc.

To include description, types and parts.

Identification, description, sketching, care and uses.

To be applied in constructing upholstery project.

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25.

Wood turning

(a) The wood lathe: Parts and

accessories.

(b) Turning tools: chisels,

gouges, calipers, etc.

(c) Turning operations: face

plate turning, turning

between centres and

boring.

(d) Suitable wood for turning:

abura, ebony, mahogany,

etc.

(e) Projects: vase, bowl,

candle holder, etc.

Identification, description, sketching, care, uses and safe use.

To include identification and specific use.

To include description and actual turning.

26.

Wood carving and sculpture

(a) Carving: incise and relief.

(b) Sculpture: Production of

simple ornaments.

(c) Tools e.g. chisels,

gouges, knives, files, etc.

To include description, identification, application and processes.

To include identification, sketching and uses.

27.

Surface Decoration

Types: inlaying, veneering,

marquetry, lamination,

laminated plastics,

mouldings, etc.

Identification, description, processes, techniques and application.

28.

Mass Production

(a) Concept and principles.

(b) Processes: Market

survey, design,

production, quality

assurance,

sales/marketing,

management,

procurement, cost

estimation, tooling up for

production.

To include mass production terms, e.g. templates, fixtures, trial run, departments, section, prototype, quality control, etc.

Basic knowledge of the concepts required.

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FOR CANDIDATES IN NIGERIA ONLY

29.

Entrepreneurship in Woodworking.

(a) Types of business

organisation e.g. sole

proprietorship,

partnership, cooperatives

etc.

(b) Business opportunities in

Woodworking: e.g.

merchandizing, spray

painting, upholstery

work, wood turning.

(c) Business plans: format

and content.

(d) Sources of fund e.g. gifts,

personal savings, loans,

inheritance, cooperatives

etc.

To include characteristic advantages and disadvantages.

To include sample plans.

To include benefits and the risks.