PRIMARY FOUR ENGLISH LESSON NOTES TERM 1

TOPIC 1: DESCRIBING PEOPLE AND OBJECTS

ASPECT – PUNCTUATION

USE OF CAPITAL LETTERS

Lower class work: Capital and small letters.

Capital letters

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O

P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

When to use capital letters

1. Beginning a sentence.
2. Beginning a proper noun e.g. Names of people, countries, cities, lakes, river, days, months, e.t.c………….
3. Writing abbreviations e.g. H.E.P,  H/M,  P.L.E,    e.t.c
4. Writing initials e.g. J.K.
5. Writing titles e.g. UGANDA PRIMARY ENGLISH COURSE.
6. Pronoun 1
7. Writing names of God and Jesus Christ as well as their pronouns e.g. God, The savior, The Messiah.

   Pronouns – He, His, Him

8. When writing direct speech sentences e.g.

   “I shall go to school tomorrow, “said Stella.

Evaluation activity

1. justine is going to mombasa.
2. we learn english every tuesday.
3. my mother works at nakasero.
4. babra will celebrate her birthday in august.
5. lake victoria is the largest in uganda.
6. “i shall go to kampala tomorrow,” said tom.
7. jesus was born on Christmas.
8. my sister goes to bweyogerere parents’ school.
9. elgon is a volcanic mountain.
10. i am called j.b. mukasa.

Lesson 2

PUNCTUATION MARKS

1. Full stop (.)
2. Question mark (? )
3. Comma ( , )
4. Exclamation mark ( !)
5. Apostrophe (‘)
6. Quotation marks / inverted commas. ( ” “)

When to use a full stop ( . )

1. At the end of statement (i.e. ) sentences which are not questions or exclamations.
2. When writing initials of people e.g. J.B Musoke e.e.t…………
3. When writing abbreviations e.g. A.D Anno – Domini e.t.c.
4. When writing small i) e.g. radii e.t.c

Question mark ( ? )

When to use a question mark ( ? )

1. At the end of an interrogative sentences (Question sentences)
2. At the end of question tags.

Comma ( , )

When to use a comma

1. They are used in question tags to separate the main statement from a question tag.
2. They are used in speeches to separate the speech tag from the main sentence. E.g. He asked, “Where have you put the money?”
3. When separating relative clauses from the main clause. E.g. The lion, which was being chased by the whole village, was killed down at the furthest end of the river.
4. When writing addresses, salutations and subscription in letter writing.

   e.g. Address.

   Kyengera parents School,

   P.o.Box 28589,

   Kampala.

   Salutions

   Dear Sarah,

   Yours affectionately.

5. When writing figures with more than three digits i.e. 10,000 ,  1,000, 000
6. It is used when separating certain words and phrases. Words e.g. however, there fore

   Phrases e.g. in fact, of course, on the other hard.

7. When separating words written in series e.g. One can buy tomatoes, oranges, bananas, apples and onions from the market.

Evaluation activity.

Punctuation the sentences correctly.

1. i go to school every day
2. p.t.o.
3. they will go to busega on monday
4. what is your name.
5. i am a girl aren’t i
6. am i your friend
7. i went to the market and bought onions apple tomatoes sugar canes cassava and orange.
8. does she smoke
9. kyengera parents’ school

   po.box 28589

   kampala.

10. she said ” i am sick”

Lesson 3

PUNCTUATION

Exclamation mark ( !)

When to use an exclamation mark.

1. It is used when an exclamatory sentence exclaiming using “How ” or ” what” e.g What a beautiful girl she is !

   How silly you are !

   NB

• What requires articles “a” or “an” with singular subjects and common nouns.
• What with plural nouns does not require an articles.
• How does not require an article or common noun.
• No inversion (I e) what a deadly snake a cobra is !

1. It is used with exclamatory words such as

   Alas ! e.g. Alas ! He didn’t reach there.

   Ah ! e.g. Ah ! I have caught you this time.

   Hurrah ! e.g. Hurrah ! She passed P.L.E

   Oh ! e.g. Oh ! I am sorry to step on your shoes

   Hullo ! e.g. Hullo ! You are welcome.

   Oooops ! e.g. Oooops ! I have stepped in dirty water.

Evaluation activity.

Rewrite the sentences as instructed in the brackets.

1. A cobra is a deadly snake. (Begin: What ……………..)

   b) (Begin: How ……………………….)

2. John and James are clever boys. (Begin: What …………….)
3. He is a very rich man. (Begin: What ………………….)

   b) (Begin: How ………………………)

4. What smart boys are they! (Re-write the sentence correctly.)

Lesson 4

PUNCTUATION

Apostrophe (‘)

When to use an apostrophe.

1. It is used to show possession in nouns e.g.
   1. Alfred’s shirt ( singular )
   2. Ladies’ dresses ( plural )
   3. James’ bicycle
   4. Children’s uniform, oxen’s tails.
   5. Butchers’ , stationers’ (singular)
2. When writing contractions.
   1. Our school started in’ 98.
   2. Shan’t
   3. Wouldn’t

Quotation marks or inverted commas

British (” ” ) American ( ۢ
ۥ )

When to use inverted commas.

1. They are used when enclosing the actual words used by some body.

   e.g. They asked, ” shall we eat supper today? ”

 Evaluation activity.

 Punctuate the sentences correctly.

1. They don’t know the answers.
2. Those teachers lesson was interesting
3. Moses car has been stolen.
4. The boys dormitory is very dirty.
5. Jane said I shall go to town tomorrow
6. The ladies shoes are very expensive.
7. President Museveni started ruling this country in 86.
8. I shant go with you.
9. Are you sick asked the teacher.
10. John’s wife was knocked down by a speeding car yesterday.

ASPECT 2

NOUNS

Definition

A noun is a name of anything.

Common nouns

A common noun is a name given to things of the same kind (type)

e.g. pens tables.

ARTICLES

The articles which are used before singular countable nouns are:-

a, an, the

Articles “a”

The common nouns and adjectives which start with consonants take the article “a” before them.

These consonants are b, c, d, f, g, j, k, l, m, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z

Examples

A kite

A boy

A tree

A car

A black elephant

A white African

A military escort

These ones take articles “a” because they sound “y”.

A European, a Ugandan, A University, a United country a none – way street.

Article ” an”

The common nouns and adjectives which start with vowels take the article “an” before them.

These vowels are a,e,i,o,u

Examples

An orange

An animal

An ox

An ant

An ugly girl

An old book.

NB words that start with vowel sounds take “an”

Examples

an hour

an X – ray

an honest man

an honourable.

Article “the”

This article is used for a class of defined things, superlative, degree, some rivers and mountains, countries, islands and water bodies.

Examples.

1. Using “the” in the class and definite things.
   1. The kind
   2. The poor
   3. The moon
   4. The soil
   5. The stars.
2. Using “the” in superlative / comparative degree e.g.
   1. The biggest boy ( superlative)
   2. Of the two girls, Pauline is the fatter ( comparative
3. Use “the ” before rivers, seas, oceans and groups of mountains.

Examples.

The Nile

The pacific

The red sea

The Rwenzori

The Everest

Activity

Mk precise pg 8 pps task 2 A and B

Singulars and plurals.

1. Common nouns that take “s” Most nouns take ‘s’ in plural

   E.g. singular plural

   Bag bags

   Girl girls

   Lake lakes

2. Common nouns that take “es”

   These nouns follow a number of rules.

   1. Common nouns that end with a hissing sound. ( x,s,ch,sh)

      E.g. Singular Plural

      Box   boxes

      Fox ………………………

      Gas ………………………

      Bus ………………………

      Watch ………………………

      Torch ………………………

      Brush ………………………

      Dish ………………………

      NB Exception of ox – oxen.

   2. Common nouns that end with y change y in to i and add es in plural. However this rule works where the y is preceded by a consonant letter.

      e.g. singular Plural

       country countries

       lady  ladies

       lorry  lorries

       
       

   3. But

      Common nouns that end with y preceded by a vowel letter simply take s in their plural.

      e.g. singular Plural

       key   keys

       chimney chimneys

       ray  rays

       toy  toys

       

   4. Common nouns that end with “o” take es in their plurals.

      e.g. Singular  Plural.

      Mosquito Mosquitoes

      Negro Negroe

      Echo Echoes

      Motto mottoes

Exceptional.

These don’t take “es” they simply take “s”

e.g. Singular plural

avocado avocados.

Radio

Piano

Disco

Studio

Dynamo

Video

Photo

Bamboo

Igloo

Rhino

Hippo

Kangaroo

Banjo

Solo

Evaluation activity

Complete the sentences giving the plural of the given words in brackets.

1. The …………….went with his daughter. ( actor)
2. The ………………. are good people. ( land lord)
3. All the ……………. were repaired. ( bench )
4. Our…………….. are very helpful. (ox)
5. Their …………… are new. (dress)
6. Our father bought us new…………. ( watch )
7. …………….. are very dangerous insects. ( fly)
8. ………………….. are found in kitchens. ( chimney )
9. Our hens lay thirty three…….. of eggs per day. ( tray )
10. ………………… are nice fruits. ( avocado)
11. ………………. spread malaria fever. (mosquito )

Write the singulars of the underlined words.

1. There are many atlases in the library.
2. The monkeys ate all the bananas.
3. Children used to play pianos in my former school.
4. He has more enemies than friends.

Lesson 5 and 6

Common nouns that end in “f” or “fe” change their “f” and “fe” to “v” and add “es”

 Singular plural

 Leaf leaves

 Thief thieves

 Wolf wolves

 Shelf shelves.

 Knife knives

 Wife wives

 Life lives.

Those common nouns that simply take ‘s”

Roof, gulf, staff, stuff, proof, chief, golf, belief, handkerchief

Those common nouns that take either’s” or “es” in their plural.

Dwarf , wharf, hoof, scarf,

Common nouns that form their plurals by changing vowels.

Singular  plural.

Tooth teeth

Foot feet

Goose geese

Man men

Woman  women.

Singular  plural

Abacus  abacuses/ abaci

Oasis Oases

Crisis ……………………..

Basis   ……………………..

Axis ……………………..

Analysis  ……………………..

Aquarium  Aquaria

Bacterium  ……………………..

Fungus fungi

Focus ……………………..

Hippopotamus   hippopotami/ hippopotamuses

Radius ……………………..

Syllabus  syllabi/ syllabuses

Stimulus  ……………………..

Mouse   mice.

Louse   ……………………..

Larva   larvae

Fomula   ……………………..

Index   indices

Vertex   ……………………..

Common nouns that don’t change.

Countable

Singular  plural

Sheep

Advice

Deer

Equipment

Luggage

Property

Baggage

Fish

Money

Uncountable.

Singular  plural

Furniture

Information

Stationery

Sugar

Salt

Water

Soil

Sand

Milk

Rubbish

Common nouns that have “s” at the end but this “s” does not stand for a plural instead the nouns are in singular. When they are used in sentences they are followed by singular verb.

e.g. news , Civics, Mathematics, politics, Sports, Athletics, Tuberculosis, Mastitis, innings, Physics, drafts, economic, mumps, barracks, headquarters, gallows, Measles.

Activity 1. Children will complete the above tables.

Activity 2.Use the correct form of words in brackets.

1. Five ………. were stolen from the pen. ( sheep)
2. The doctor’s …………… are useless. (equipment)
3. The scouts’ ………………were bought. ( skirt )
4. Different tribes have different……………..( believe)
5. She has disorganized those…………………( shelf )
6. He has killed all my ………………..( goose)
7. Three …………………. were trapped today. ( mouse )

Give the singular of the underlined verbs.

1. The fish were fished out from the aquaria.
2. How many vertices has a cuboid?
3. There are many oases in the desert.

Lesson 8 and 9

COMPOUND NOUNS

Definition:

Compound nouns are words which are made of more than one to make one word.

Compound nouns without a hyphen.

Singular  plural

Black board blackboards

Arm chair

Spoonful

Employment

Handful

Compound nouns with a single hyphen

Here the last word takes the plural.

Singular plural

Step – son step – sons

Check –up

Tape –measure

Mouse – trap

He – goat.

Tooth – brush

X – ray

Post – office

Bye – law

Goal – post

Girl – guide

Egg- plant

Foot – path

Compound nouns which affect both words

Singular plural

Woman – doctor

Man – servant

Exceptional where the first word changes to plural

e.g.

passer – by – passers – by

Compound nouns with three words using two hyphens.

The first word takes the plural.

Singular plural.

Mother – in – law mothers – in – law

Guest – of – honour

Head – of – state

Teacher – on – duty.

Activity: Learners complete the table about the above

Lesson 9

GENDER NOUNS

Definition

Gender is the dividing of some of the living common nouns in to female ( feminine ) and male ( masculine , merculine )

Gender formed by adding a prefix.

Masculine   feminine

Cock – sparrow hen- sparrow

He – goat   she goat

Billy – goat  nanny – goat

Jack – ass  jenny – ass

Tom – cat   tobby- cat

He – bear  she – bear.

Gender formed by adding suffix.

Masculine  feminine

Land lord  

Head master

Step son

Choir master

peacock

Gender formed by adding a suffix “ess”

Masculine   feminine

Lion

Giant

Steward

Shepherd

Host

Patron

Prince

God

More examples from precise pg 221 -2 DEG pg 100

Gender nouns that form by adding suffix “ress”

Masculine  feminine

Emperor  Empress

Tiger

Author

Actor

Instructor

Waiter

Conductor

Except: tailor – seamstress

Gender nouns that form by changing completely

Masculine feminine

Boy scouts girl guides

Bride groom

Buck

Nephew

Boar

Dog

Drake

Gander

Fox

Lad

Sir

Wizard

Monk

Ram

Stallion

Colt

Bullock

Activity 1

Giving feminine or masculine of any of the given gender

Lesson 10 -13

ABSTRACT NOUNS

Definition

Abstract nouns are names of things which are not seen or tangible.

Abstract nouns from adjectives by adding “ness” at the end

Adjective Abstract nouns

Smart smartness

Eager

Kind

Selfish

ill

Sick

Polite

Weak

Foolish

Happy

Heavy

Ugly

Lazy

Busy

Holy

Clean

Dry

Abstract nouns formed by changing the last t or te. To ce or cy.

Adjective Abstract noun

Distant distance

Innocent

Silent

Absent

Patient

Present

Important

Constituent  constituency

Accurate

Pregnant

Urgent

Accountant

Efficient.

Abstract nouns formed when the adjective changes to other forms.

Adjective Abstract nouns

Wise wisdom

Poor

Free

High

Warm

Proud

Long

Wide

Deep

Angry

Active

Safe

Dangerous

Old.

Dead

Succeed

True

Harmful

Painful

Abstract nouns from verbs formed by adding ” tion” or “ion”

Verb Abstract nouns

Explain explanation

Educate

Subtract

Introduce

Destroy

Pronounce

Repeat

Compose

More from D.E.h pg 86

Abstract nouns that end with “son”

Verb abstract noun.

Divide  –  division

Express

Admit  –  admission

Permit

Transmit

Submit

Decide

Expand

Extend

More from D.E.h pg 86

Abstract nouns formed by adding “ment”

Verb Abstract noun

Develop development

Govern

Pay

Punish

Excite

Entertain

Advertise

Employ

More from D.E.H.pg 87

Abstract nouns formed without following any order.

Verb Abstract noun

Depart departure

Arrive arrival

Choose choice

Fail –

Sit –

Lend –

Speak –

Lose –

Serve –

Receive –

Advise –

sell. –

Abstract nouns formed from other nouns.

Nouns Abstract nouns

Neighbour

King

Child

Man

Lord

Brother

Brother

Mayorship

Poet

Friend

Leader

Relation

Slave

War

Martyr

Pot

Banker

Grocer

Activity

Complete these sentences using the given words correctly.

1. What is the …………….. of that building? ( high)
2. She was very dirty because of ………….(poor)
3. The ………the teacher gave was good. ( explain )
4. We are looking for………..( safe)
5. Parents have………….. in their children. ( proud)
6. We got a wrong ……………….. of that word. ( pronounce)
7. Jane’s …………… was good. ( decide)
8. The president gave a long……………. ( speak )
9. My grandfathers………….. will take place tomorrow. ( bury)
10. The ……………… of Buganda is so big. ( king)

Lesson 14

COLLECTIVE NOUNS

Definition:

Collective nouns are names given to a group of things collected together.

Examples

1. A group of sheep
2. A group of bees.
3. A group of cattle
4. A group of people praying.
5. A group of thieves
6. A group of singers.
7. A group of soldiers.
8. A group of people watching a game.
9. A group of people walking on foot.
10. A collection of sticks.
11. A group of people listening to a speech.
12. A group of bishops.
13. A group of people struggling to see something or to pass.
14. A group of people at a funeral.
15. A collection of books, pens, pencils, files, and rulers.
16. A large group of trees.
17. A collection of books.
18. A group of dancers.
19. A group of sailors.
20. A group of wolves.

Activity

Learners mention the collective nouns for the above.

Lesson 15

Describing people and objects

Vocabulary

Read these words

Bad, beautiful, black, brown, good, kind, polite, forgive, lend, short, smart, tall, borrow, please, thin, ugly, excuse, thank, sorry

Spell the words in brackets correctly to complete the sentences

1. Sam is a…………….boy. (llat)
2. Anna is a …………..girl. (rtsho)
3. Mr. Okia is a …………man. (aft)
4. Mrs. Muleme is a ……..woman. (artsm)
5. Adeke is a …………girl. (inth)
6. Omondi is a ……..boy. (idnk)
7. A policeman is a ………person. (gdoo)
8. A thief is not a ……….person. (poteli)
9. Mary is a……..girl. (adb)
10. She is not ugly, she is……….(fulbeauti)
11. Our head girl is very…………(ghtbri)

ADJECTIVES

Definition

Adjectives are words that describe nouns.

Examples; Good, smart, rich, fine, sweet, clean, bad, easy, clever, hot, polite, wise.

Evaluation activity

Underline the adjectives in the given sentences.

1. Primary four is a good class.
2. Our teacher is very smart today.
3. My brother bought me a new pair of shoes
4. Her dad is humble.
5. A dog is a useful animal.
6. Nairobi is a large city.
7. Those small fruits have a bitter taste.
8. She is an old but active lady.
9. Jamirah is a pretty girl.
10. I want to buy a big and ripe pineapple.

Structures

1. Both……….and ……….are…….
2. Some………..are………..and others are………….
3. …………is ………..than………….
4. Is the ……………of the…………..?
5. ………..is the …………..of the …………..

Using Both………and ……..are……..

Examples

Tom is short. Kawamara is short. Both Tom and Kawamara are short

Exercise

Join the sentences using: Both…….

1. Annet is a beautiful girl. Sarah is a beautiful girl.
2. Tade is shy. Antonio is shy.
3. A nurse is helpful. A carpenter is helpful.
4. Kelly is hardworking in class. Maureen is hardworking in class.
5. Senya is a bright child. Fatuma is a bright child
6. Okoth is a short boy. Okello is a tall boy.
7. Cheptai is a fast runner. Chipsiro is a fast runner

Using: Some ……..are……..and others are……..

Example

Some boys are short and others are tall

Form correct sentences from the table

Using: Is the …..the…of the …….

Yes, the………

No, the………

Example

Is the sheep the slowest of all animals?

No, the sheep is not the slowest of all animals.

Form questions from table A and answers from table B

Table A

Table B

Lesson 16

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

Positive degree- one object

Comparative degree – Two objects.

Superlative degree- More than two objects.

Adjectives that take “er” in comparative and “est” in the superlative degree.

 Positive  comparative superlative

1. Tall  taller  tallest
2. Small
3. Clean
4. Clever
5. Few
6. Hard
7. Clear
8. Light
9. Broad
10. Poor
11. Rich

Adjectives that add “r” in comparative degree and “st” in superlative degree

Example

 Positive comparative superlative

1. Wise wiser   wisest
2. Wide
3. Large
4. Safe
5. Brave
6. Late
7. Idle
8. Pure
9. Simple
10. Fine
11. Rude
12. White

Lesson 17

Adjectives that double their last consonant after which “er” or “est” is added.

 Positive comparative superlative

1. Big bigger  biggest
2. Hot
3. Red
4. Sad
5. Glad
6. Thin
7. Fat
8. Wet

Adjectives that end with “y” change “y” to “I” and add “er” in comparative and “est” in superlative.

 Positive comparative  superlative

1. Happy happier  happiest
2. Lazy
3. Easy
4. Dirty
5. Ugly
6. Busy
7. Noisy

Lesson 18

Adjectives that take “more” in comparative and “most” in superlative

Examples

 Positive comparative superlative

1. Beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
2. Careful
3. Comfortable
4. Ignorant
5. Handsome
6. Delicate
7. Interesting
8. Important
9. Dangerous

NB These have more than two syllables.

Adjectives that are irregular change the original word completely.

Examples

 Positive comparative superlative

1. Bad
2. Good
3. Well
4. Far
5. Little
6. Much
7. Many
8. Ill.

Lesson 19

Application of comparison of adjectives in sentences

Use of ………….as……………as/ not as…………………..as………

Examples

1. Kate is bright. Namuli is bright.

   Kate is as bright as Namuli.

2. Dad is fat. Mam is fat.

   Dad is as fat as man.

3. Pele runs very fast. Kiprop runs faster

   Kiprop runs faster than Pele.

Activity

Learners will join the sentences using…as…as /not as….as….

1. Sarah is small. Joan is small.
2. Your father is rich. My uncle is richer.
3. James’ house is big. John’s house is big.
4. Your handwriting is good. Her handwriting is better.
5. Saul is clever. Paul is clever.
6. Our school is larger. Their school is large.
7. Kate came late. Pat came later.
8. Muvule is uglier than Miti.
9. Teddy’s home is far. Cissy’s home is far.
10. Jussy is brighter. Tutu is bright.

Lesson 20

Application of adjectives in the comparative degree using “than”

Examples

1. Kato is fat. Wasswa is fatter.

   Wasswa is fatter than Kato.

2. Teachers are important. Doctors are not important.

   Teachers are more important than doctors.

Activity

Re-write the sentences using…….. than……

1. A dog runs fast. A deer runs faster.
2. Goats are big. Cows are bigger.
3. Musa is tall. Richard is not.
4. An apple is sweet. Oranges are not sweet.
5. A buffalo is very heavy. A cow is heavy.
6. Caroline is ten years old. Jackie is nine years old.
7. My grandmother is kilogrammes in weight.My grandfather is sixty kilogrammes in weight.
8. Masaka road is wide. Jinja road is narrow
9. English is easy. Mathematics is difficult.
10. Mary is eight years old. Her brother is six years old.

GIVING DIRECTIONS

Lesson 1

Read the words

Across, behind, far from, infront of, near, next to, along way, roundabout, signpost, after, before, junction, corner

Examples

Walk across the road

Do not stand behind the lorry

Exercise

Use the words in the box to complete the sentences

(roundabout, signpost, far, behind, near, next to, across, infront)

1. She is standing………..of the house.
2. The chair is…………the table.
3. The market is………from the school.
4. The doctor is standing…………the nurse.
5. We went …………the river by boat.
6. You should read the ……….before crossing the road.
7. You are advised to drive slowly at the ………..

Lesson 21

Young ones of creatures.

Creature young one.

1. Cat  kitten
2. Cow  calf
3. Hen  (dicken)    pullet / chick
4. Cock cockerel
5. Sheep lamb
6. Fish  fry
7. Goose gosling
8. Horse /ass foal
9. Dog  puppy
10. Pig  piglet
11. Elephant / whale calf
12. Eagle eaglet
13. Owl  owlet
14. Goat  kid
15. Stallion foal/ colt
16. Mare filly
17. Frog / toad tadpole
18. Butterfly / moth caterpillar.
19. Fox/ bear/ lion/ leopard/tiger   cub
20. Bird  nestling
21. Duck duckling
22. Bee/ wasp / grub
23. Monkey baby
24. Rabbit kitten
25. Deer fawn.
26. Snake Snakelet

Activity

Complete these sentences correctly.

1. An eagle is to eaglet as a goose is to………….
2. A monkey is to …………….. as a fox is to cub.
3. Lambs are to sheep as…….. are to elephants.
4. A duck is to duckling as a butterfly is to……..
5. Fish are to………….. as birds are to nestlings.

Fill in the correct young ones to each sentence.

1. The cat carried the ………gently by its neck.
2. Nine…………. were sleeping next to the sow.
3. The mother bear will defend her……… with her life.
4. During the night the whale gave birth to a …………..
5. The teacher said that the …..would grow in to frogs.

Lesson 22

SOUNDS AND CREATURES

Creatures sound.

Hen  clucks

Geese cackle

Duck quacks

Monkey chatters.

Frog croaks.

Wolf  howls.

Sheep / goat bleats.

More from D.E.h pg 102 – 3

Junior English revised pg 141

Lesson 23

HOMES OF CREATURES

Creature home

1. Bear/ lion den
2. Bird nest
3. Dog kennel
4. Fox   lair / earth.

More from junior English revised pg 138 D.H pg 103.

Lesson 24

VERBS AND TENSES

Definition: a verb is an action / doing word.

Examples of verbs; dig, drive, cut, write

TENSE

PRESENT TENSE

1. Present simple tense – Lower class work – Review on every day tense
2. Present continuous tense – Lower class work – Review on now tense.
3. Present perfect tense – Lower class work – Review on participles. Of the main verb.

Present simple tense is commonly used when referring to actions which happen every day, always, weekly, monthly, generally, etc……

Singular nouns or pronouns take verbs with “s” / “es”/ “ies”

Examples

1. Sometimes the teacher reads the news. He s
2. She often washes her uniforms. she es
3. Our housekeeper always carries our baby. it ies

   Susan

Plural nouns or pronouns which don’t take “s” , es” /ies.

Examples

1. Sometimes the teachers read the news. They
2. They often wash their uniforms. we don’t take s, ies,es
3. Our house keepers always carry our babies. you

   The boys

Use the correct form of words in brackets to complete the sentences.(c) pronoun I doesn’t take( s,es,ies)

1. She …………. to me once a week. ( write)
2. Basher……………..English very well. ( speak )
3. You always ………………… church services every Sunday. ( attend)
4. I ………….. Maths and Science. ( prefer)
5. They normally………………… meat on Sundays. ( eat)
6. Her uncle always ………………….. blue shirts. ( wear)
7. We…………. Biology once a week. ( learn)
8. Lillian and Sarah…………… net ball in school team. ( play)
9. It rarely ……………. in December. ( rain)
10. The house boy……………… our rabbits every Friday. (Feed).

Structures

I am a …………..girl/ boy

Form correct sentences from the table

How does…………look like?

Examples

How does Anguzu look like?

Anguzu is short and thin

Form questions from the table and answer them

Lesson 25

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE SETENCES

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

An affirmative sentence expresses agreement (yes)

A negative sentence expresses refusal / denial ( no / not)

Interrogative sentences ask questions with questioning words like, what , why, how, when, who, which, which, where e.t.c

To begin interrogatives at times we use helping verbs like do, does, is, did, had, has, have, will, was, e.t.c

NB A question mark is always put at the end of an interrogative sentence.

Examples

1. There is some water in the pot. ( affir)
2. There isn’t any water in the pot. ( negative)
3. Is there any water in the pot? ( interr)

Activity

Re-write these sentences into negative and interrogative.

1. He eats some apples.
2. There is some body in the classroom.
3. Jane has new shoes.
4. I have more money in my pocket.
5. They play football every evening.

Activity 2

Re-write these sentences in affirmative.

1. Does anybody wait for me outside?
2. She is not a Ugandan.
3. We don’t have any sugar in the bowl.
4. Do they eat any mangoes?
5. Does he keep the duster anywhere in this class?

Lesson 26

QUESTION TAGS

Lower class work: Review on helping verbs in the statements.

Definition

A question tag is a short question that comes at the end of a statement.

NB: Positive statements take negative question tags.

Whereas negative statements take positive question tags

Examples

1. He is sick, isn’t he ?
2. I am in primary four, aren’t I ?
3. We grow millet, don’t we?
4. Musoke doesn’t dig, well, does he?
5. Children enjoy swimming, don’t they?

Activity

Supply questions tags to the given statements

1. She listens to her mother, ………………..?
2. They are good boys,……………..?
3. Namusoke doesn’t play net ball……………….?
4. I am beautiful …………………?
5. There isn’t any sugar in my tea…………..?
6. That building has ten windows………………….?
7. My uncle can ride a bicycle………………?
8. We are not lazy, ………………..?
9. Our teacher comes to school early,………………?
10. Moslems don’t eat pork?

Lesson 27

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE (present simple tense)

Lower class work: Review perfect forms of the main verb.

Definition

Active voice is a voice which clearly indicates the doer (subject) and the receiver (object) of the action of the verb.

Passive voice is a voice which shows or emphasizes the object and the action of the verb.

NB when changing from active to passive we use

Is + perfect of main verb.

Are + perfect of the main verb.

Am + perfect of the main verb.

Examples

1. The dogs chase a goat every day ( active)

   A goat is chased by the dog every day (Passive)

2. They wash their cups. ( Active )

   Cups are washed by them. (passive).

Activity

Change the following sentences into passive form of the present simple.

1. I love Judith.
2. Lions eat meat.
3. Acon learns Mathematics.
4. Stellah plays hockey.
5. Those girls sing nice songs.

Re-write the following sentences in to active voice.

1. The black board is cleaned by John every day.
2. Doctors are helped by nurses all the time.
3. Rats are eaten by cats.
4. People are driven in long vehicles some times.
5. The pen is refilled by Sam every month.

Lesson 28

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (NOW TENSE)

This tense is used to express actions which are taking place now.

Examples

1. He is running to school.
2. The shopkeeper is selling sugar.
3. They are coming tomorrow.

Use the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. Mary is …………… the classroom. ( dirty).
2. The referee is …………….. the game. ( stop)
3. Jane is …………… under the tree. ( lie)
4. They are…………… homework. ( write )
5. I am ……………… the goat. (tie )
6. Peter and Sam are ………….. their friend Betty who lost a mother. ( pity)
7. The term is …………… on Monday. ( Begin)
8. Grand mother is ……………. her hair black. ( dye)
9. We are …………English now. ( study)
10. They are …………….. now. ( dine)

Lesson 30

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE (present continuous tense)

Activity

Change the following sentences into negative and then interrogative.

1. I am going home now.
2. Baker is eating an apple.
3. She is bringing it now.
4. They are sitting for P.L.E
5. The president is flying to U.S.A
6. We are going to buy a car.
7. The children are collecting water from the wall.
8. The market vender is selling clothes and books.
9. All the parents are paying school fees in the bank now.
10. Primary four class is weaving baskets now.

Lesson 31

QUESTION TAGS (PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE)

Examples

1. Mukasa is sleeping on his, bed, isn’t he?
2. I am feeding the puppies, aren’t I?
3. I am not feeding the puppies, am I?
4. Children aren’t eating supper, are they?

Activity

Supply question tags to the following statements.

1. I am revising my notes,…………………?
2. We are not attending the meeting,……………….?
3. The doctor is not attending to the patient,…………………?
4. Schools are closing soon,……………?
5. The farmer is not harvesting the crops,……………………..?
6. Musa is climbing a tree, ……………………?

Lesson 32

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE (Present continuous tense)

1. I am writing a letter. ( Active)

   A letter is being written by me. (Passive)

2. A lion is chasing us. ( Active )

   We are being chased by a lion. (Passive)

Activity

Change the following sentences in to passive form.

1. She is listening to music.
2. They are repairing a radio.
3. Tom is teaching us.
4. I am revising my SST. Notes
5. They are writing poems.

Lesson 33

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Lower class work: Review participles of some verbs.

This is a tense which deals with events which have just taken place.

Examples

1. She has beaten the snake.
2. We have put on dresses.
3. Where has she gone?

Use the correct form of the verbs in the brackets complete the sentences.

1. She has………… the teacher’s shoe. ( dirty)
2. We have………….the beans today. ( sow)
3. The baby has ……………. down. ( fall)
4. My uncle has…………..my school fees. ( pay)
5. The teacher has not …………… us English today. ( teach)
6. Jane has …………….. a letter to her mother. ( write)
7. The mad man has ………….. poison. ( drink)
8. I have …………… the money. ( lose)
9. The stubborn boy has…………… a store at the man’s car. ( throw)
10. The house girl has…………… dad’s cup. ( break)
11. Sheilla has ……………. my answer. ( copy)
12. The girls have …………. all the classrooms. ( mop)

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE (Present perfect)

Examples

1. She has bought some sugar. ( Affirm )
2. She has not bought any sugar. (Negative)

   Has she bought any sugar? ( interr)

Activity

Change these sentences in to negatives then interrogative.

1. The children have stolen some money.
2. My mother has talked to some body about my behavior.
3. The farmer has sown some beans.
4. The soldiers have gone.
5. My uncle has brought for us some guavas.

Lesson 35

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE (Present perfect tense)

Examples

1. He has taken a ring. (Active )

   A ring has been taken by him. (passive)

2. They have learnt English. (Active)

   English has been learnt by them. (Passive)

Activity

Change the following sentences in to passive form.

1. We have spoken Latin.
2. It has eaten the rat.
3. Mary has torn a red book.
4. Peter has cleaned it.
5. Ugandans have built nice houses.
6. I have hidden John’s bag.
7. Proscovia has dropped a pot down.
8. We have drawn the pictures of frogs.
9. The bees have stung the robbers.
10. The gatekeepers have kept the keys.

Lesson 36

ADJECTIVE QUALIFIERS

Lower class work .Joining sentences using “but” because” and

Use of “so…………. that” and “such a ……..that”

Examples

1. He was a rich man. He bought the whole village.

   He was so rich that he bought the whole village.

   He was such a rich man that he bought the whole village.

Activity

Join each sentences below in to a pair using

1. ” so ………………. that”
2. “such a ……… that”

1. He revised very hard. He passed well.
2. The day was very hot. We could not rest in the house.
3. Peter is very tall. He can touch the ceiling.
4. The school is very old. It may fall down any time.
5. The food was very cold. Nobody could eat it.

Lesson 37

Use of “too….to…. (Express negative ideas.)

Examples

1. The lady is very fat. She cannot run.

   The lady is too fat to run.

2. The box is very heavy. Aida cannot lift it.

   The box is too heavy for Aida to lift.

Activity

Rewrite the following sentences using “too….to”

1. Peter is very young. He cannot carry a jerry can of water.
2. The tree is very big. The boys can’t climb it.
3. Maths is very hard. I failed to pass it.
4. The block is very heavy. Mary cannot carry it.
5. A hare is very fast. It can’t be caught by a dog.
6. The river was very fast. We could not swim across it.
7. He was very wise and he didn’t go.
8. The chair is very small. I cannot sit on it.
9. Her letter is very difficult. None of us could read and understand it.
10. The tea is so hot. We cannot drink it.

Lesson 38

Use of enough to ………..”

Enough is used after an adjective or adverb.

Examples

1. The wind was very strong .It blew off the roof of his house.(Affirmative)

   The wind was strong enough to blow off the roof of his house.

2. Tom is very young .He can’t go to school. (Negative)

   Tom is not old enough to go to school.

   NB It is wrong to use “enough “and “that”

   It should be “enough ……..to”

   When one of the sentences is negative, we use the opposite of the adjective given…..not…..enough ….to e.g.

   I am very weak. I can’t walk.

   I am not strong enough to walk.

Activity

Join the following sentences using (enough to ………..)

1. John is very brave. He can fight a lion.
2. Ritah is very short. She cannot touch the roof.
3. Christine is ugly .She cannot get married to such a humble man.
4. Diana is clever. She will get a first grade.
5. She came late. She missed the first examination.
6. The tree is very big. Primary four pupils can’t cut it.

Re-write the following sentences using enough ….to…….

1. He was so strong that he lifted it without any help.
2. Our head teacher was such a kind man that he allowed me in class.

TOPIC 3: WHAT I LIKE AND HOW I FEEL

VOCABULARY

Read these words

Desire, enjoy, prefer, cooking, dancing, playing, reading, riding, singing, drink, food, fruits, soda, football

Exercise

Use the correct spellings of the words given in the brackets to complete the sentences

1. We………..good life (deresi)
2. They……………music. (joyen)
3. I ………..peas to beans. (fpreer)
4. She likes dancing and …………….(ngiings)
5. He likes cold………………(nkdris)
6. Eat a lot of …………to keep healthy. (ruitfs)
7. We were served with different………..at the party. (oofd)
8. Our school won the………..match. (ballfoot)

STRUCTURES

1. I like………../ I don’t like………

Examples

1. I like playing football.
2. I don’t like playing in rain.

Exercise

Form sentences from the table below

Using he/ she likes…….. We / they like……….

Examples

He/ she likes watching television

We/ They like sweet drinks

Exercise

Form meaningful sentences from the table below

Lesson 39

Use of “prefer”

Examples

1. I like mangoes more than oranges.

   I prefer mangoes to oranges.

2. Boys enjoy football more than volley ball.

   Boys prefer football to volley ball.

3. John is interested in English but not Maths.

   John prefers English to Maths.

4. I like poems but I like riddles much more.

   I prefer riddles to poems.

Activity

Re-write these sentences using “prefer”

1. Peter enjoys playing more than reading.
2. She is interested in visiting friends but not revising notes.
3. The boys have stolen the money. The girls have stolen the money.
4. The teachers will come early. The pupils will come early.
5. He can do it. I can do it.

Lesson 41

Use of neither ….nor….)

NB Neither is a negative word that shows none of the two will happen.

Examples

1. Musa does not smoke. Mukasa does not smoke.

   Neither Musa nor Mukasa smokes.

2. The teachers did not go. The pupils did not go.

   Neither the teachers nor the pupils went.

   Evaluation activity
   

   Re-write these sentences using neither…..nor………)

3. Suzan will not dance. Suzan will not sing.
4. He does not eat. He does not drink.
5. She cannot fly. She cannot swim.
6. He has not written. He has not called.
7. Mary is not happy. Sarah is not happy.
8. Tom is not watching TV. He is not listening to music.
9. The visitors did not greet. The hosts did not greet.
10. Salama was not a Uganda .Salama was not a Kenyan.

Lesson 42

Use of ……….both…….and……..

Example

1. The drink was sour. The drink was expired.

   The drink was both sour and expired.

Evaluation activity

Re- write the sentences using ………. Both…….

1. Mr. Kato is a farmer. Mr. Kato is a doctor.
2. The boys are smart. The girls are smart.
3. Peter is a lazy pupil.Mary is a lazy pupil.
4. The mother was not at home. The father was not at home.
5. Namukasa is beautiful .Namukasa is smart.
6. He is rich. I am also rich.

Lesson 43

Use of although

1. Mr. Kato is a rich man. Mr. Kato does not have a car.

   Although Mr. Kato is a rich man, he does not have a car.

   Mr. Kato does not have a car although he is a rich man.

Evaluation Activity

1. We came to school. It was raining heavily.
2. She is a beautiful girl. She is unmarried.
3. Some Africans are poor. They work hard.
4. He rarely beats his children .He is a cruel man.
5. They were friendly but nobody helped them.
6. Jane is a clever girl but she is always late at school.
7. They were sure of their answers.
8. The beggar is poor but honest.

Lesson 44

Use of ….because….

Example

I am happy. My mother bought for me a new pair of shoes.

I am happy because my mother bought for me a new pair of shoes.

Evaluation activity

1. Buule got a present at school. Buule is happy.
2. Watoya played the whole day.Watoya is tired.
3. The shop keeper’s money has been stolen .The shopkeeper is sad.
4. Birungi is beautiful .she passed the beauty content.
5. David ruled for a long time. David was a good ruler.
6. The portrait of president Obama was good. It sold off quickly.
7. She doesn’t disturb her neighbours. She is quite.
8. He got the first prize in “vroomula draw. He was very excited.
9. Onyait was brave.Onyait killed the lion.
10. The glutton eats too much food. She gets satisfied.

Lesson 45

Using a dictionary (Alphabetical order)

Lower class work .Order by first letter.

NB: There are two methods of putting words in alphabetical.

1. By canceling method
2. By table method.

Examples

1. Tunnel, tank, top, tin, ten

Methods

1. Cancelling method.
2. You first write the letter of alphabet.

 a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z.

tunnel, tank, top, tin, ten.

u a o I e

Table method

Tank , ten, tin, top, tunnel.

Evaluation activity

Arrange the words in alphabetical order.

1. Fox, dog, buck, elephant, angle.
2. Card, chard, car, catch.
3. Back, paper, parcel, park.
4. Mouth,  would, shade, Monday.
5. Pawpaw,  pears, pineapples, peas.
6. Teachers, nurse, doctor

Lesson 46

PRONOUNS

A pronoun is a word that can be used in a place of a noun.

KINDS OF PRONOUNS

Lower class work .Replacing the underlined nouns with pronouns in sentences.

1. Personal pronouns e.g. I, we, she, he, it, you
2. Possessive pronouns e.g. mine, yours, ours, hers, his, theirs, its
3. Adjectives pronouns e.g. their, your, my, our, her, his.
4. Reflex pronouns e.g. yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself, oneself, myself.
5. Demonstrative pronouns e.g. this, these, that, those.
6. Reflexive pronouns e.g. who, which, that, whom, whose.

Personal pronouns (subjective or nominative pronoun)

1. I came yesterday.
2. You are my chief enemy.
3. He fasted for two days.
4. She is absent.
5. It was on TV.
6. We will go together.
7. They promised to come today

Objective pronouns

Examples

1. They will eat with us.
2. Give that book to me.
3. She works with him.
4. I shall give it to her.
5. She stays with them.

Evaluation activity

Rewrite the sentences replacing the underlined words with their correct pronouns.

1. Musoke is the head master.
2. The goat was stolen.
3. I thanked Namusoke for helping my uncle.
4. Sarah and I are going to church.
5. The boys swept the class room.
6. We shall eat with Musoke , Annet and Jane.
7. The book belongs to Henry and I
8. Mary enjoys swimming.

Lesson 47

Possessive pronouns

These are pronouns that show ownership. E.g. mine, his, ours, hers, yours, your, its, ours.

Examples

1. That is Obama’s pen.

   That is his pen.

2. I am carrying Stella’s bag.

   I am carrying her bag.

Evaluation activity

Re-write the sentences replacing the noun with their appropriate possessive pronouns.

1. That ball pen is Ritah’s
2. Was that John and Peter’s desk?
3. Those chairs are for James and I.
4. Is that Kato’s home?

Re-write sentences using possessive pronouns.

1. That pen belongs to me.

   It is …………………………..

2. Those bags are for me.

   They are…………………….

3. This Kennel belongs to that dog.

   It is……………………………….

4. We made those dolls.

   They are……………………………..

5. These clothes belong to Molly and Mary.

   They are ……………………………….

6. This is our school.

   It is……………………

Lesson 48

Reflexive and Adjective pronouns

Adjectives pronouns

These are pronouns used as adjectives. E.g. my, yours, his, her, their, our.

Reflexive pronouns

These are pronouns formed by adding “self” or ” selves” on most of the adjective pronouns.

e.g.

Adjective pronouns Reflexive pronouns

My  myself

Our  ourselves

Your    your selves/yourself

Her   herself

His  himself

Its   it self

Their   themselves.

One’s oneself.

Evaluation activity

Use reflexive pronouns to replace the underlined word in the sentence.

1. The boy did the work without help.
2. The teacher told Jesca to do the exercise a lone.
3. We organized the party and no one helped us.
4. The boy learnt to walk without assistance.
5. Kakama and his friend went to Kampala and no one escorted them
6. Teo’s daddy drove that lorry without help.

Complete the sentences with the correct reflexive pronoun.

1. I have cut……………………..
2. They carried that luggage…………………
3. One should keep one’s property………………..
4. The bird takes care of its young ones…………….

Lesson 49

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

These are pronouns used in clauses which are related e.g. who, which, whose, whom, whose, where

Examples

1. That man is my friend .He was knocked down.

   That man who was knocked down is my friend.

2. That is the house .My father stays there.

   That is the house where my father stays.

3. Richard is the boy. I gave him my book.

   Richard is the boy whom I gave my book.

Evaluation activity

Re-write the sentences as instructed in the brackets.

1. Our teacher has a car. He comes from Naguru. (Rewrite using ……who…..)
2. The money was stolen .The money was in the desk. (Rewrite the sentence using…..which.)
3. This is the girl .Her mother was kidnapped. (Rewrite the sentences using …whose…)
4. The soldier was badly hurt. The children saw him.(Rewrite the sentence using………whom..)
5. The cow died. Its tail was cut off. (Re-write the sentence using ………whose….)
6. I saw the place. My uncle used to stay there. (Rewrite using…where….)
7. I can’t remember the year. Her father died. 9Rewrite using ………….when……..)
8. Here comes the lady. Her house was broken in to (Rewrite using….whose….)
9. We spoke to the farmer. His animals were sick. (Rewrite using …..whose…)
10. The lady stole a baby. She was beaten terribly. (Rewrite using ……..who…..)

Lesson 50 – 53

OPPOSITES

Examples

Word opposites

1. Absent
2. Ugly
3. Easy
4. Dry
5. Hot
6. Begin
7. Love
8. Find
9. Love
10. Bravely

Words that form opposites by adding prefix

Word formed by adding prefix “un”

Word opposite

Able unable

Kind

Fortunate

Tidy

Fair

Happy

Prefix “dis”

Word opposite.

Like dislike

Agree

Honest

Obey

Appear

adavantage

Prefix “mis”

Word opposite

Use misuse

Interpret

Behave

Fortune

Treat

Trust

Judge

Understand

Prefix “il”

Word opposite

Literate   illiterate

Legible

Legal

Legitimate

Liberal

Prefix “im”

Movable immovable

Probable

Perfect

Patient

Possible

Mortal

Pure

Polite

Proper

Penetratable

Prefix “in”

Word opposite

Complete incomplete

Correct

Capable

Sane

Visible

Justice

Famous

Sincere

Gratitude

Equality

Sufficient

Prefix ” lr”

Regular   irregular

Responsible

Resistible

Reversible

Reverent

Relevant

Suffix “less” / “full”

Word opposite

Careless  careful

Hopeless

Painless

Needless

Harmless

Merciless

Restless

Pitiless

Cheerless

Useless

Chanceless

Doubtless

Shameless

Thankless

More from D.E.h pg 9-18

Activity

Learners complete the above tables.

COMPREHENSION

Topic 1: describing people and objects

1. Write a short passage describing how you look.
2. Read the story and answer questions about it “Mr. Male marries a rich woman”
3. Read the dialogue and answer the questions about it in full sentences pg 23
4. Read the story and answer the questions that follow “The price for chicken” pupils bk pg 24
5. Guided composition pupils bk pg 25

Question about the dialogue

1. Who broke into Bebwa’s house?
2. What did he steal?
3. How was the short woman dressed?
4. In which book was the statement written?
5. What was the colour of the woman’s dress?
6. What time of the day was the conversation held?
7. How many people were conversing?
8. Which item was green?
9. Where did the police officer write what Bebwa said?
10. Suggest the title of the dialogue.

GIVING DIRECTIONS

1. Read the dialogue and answer the questions about it (pupils bk 4 pg 39)
2. Read the poem and answer the questions about it (pupils book 4 pg 40)
3. Study the map and answer questions about it.

Questions about the poem

1. What words show direction in the poem?
2. What place has been mentioned in the poem?
3. How was Petra found out?
4. What lesson do you learn from the poem?
5. How many stanzas does the poem have?
6. What is the poem about?
7. Who wrote the poem?
8. When did Petra learn a lesson?
9. Which lesson did Petra learn?
10. Explain the meaning of the word “Butcher’s

Read the story and answer the questions about it in full sentences “Gombe Hospital” PPls bk pg 41

WHAT I LIKE AND WHAT I FEEL

1. Read the dialogue and answer the questions about it (Ppls bk pg 50)
2. Rad the passage and answer the questions in full sentences “Our home” (Ppls bk pg 51)
3. Copy and fill the puzzle correctly in your exercise book (Ppls bk pg 53)
4. Dialogue (Ppls bk pg 58)
5. Poem “A smile” (Ppls bk pg 59)

Questions about the poem

1. Who is the poet?
2. How many verses make up the poem?
3. How many lines does the poem have?
4. What is the poem about?
5. What do enemies do?
6. Write let’s in full
7. Give another word or group of words to mean “stranger”

Letter: (Ppls bk pg 59)

Guided composition (Ppls bk pg 60)

Story “Kabanda’s children go to school” (Ppls bk pg 61)

Questions about the story

1. Who did Mrs. Banda take to Kamuli primary school?
2. Why did Mrs. Banda go to the bursar?
3. Did Mrs. Banda pay full school fees?
4. What shows that Mrs. Banda is a good mother?
5. List down four items Mrs. Banda bought for her children.
6. Who will join primary six
7. Why did Mrs. Banda return to the secretary?
8. Who is 10years old?
9. How many children had Mr. and Mrs. Banda

ENGLISH LESSON NOTES TERM II

TOPIC: BEHAVIOUR

Good and bad Behaviour

GOOD BEHAVIOUR

Vocabulary : excuse, thank, sorry, forgive, lend, borrow, please

Read and complete sentences using the following words

Rude, abuse, careless, dodge, damage, burns, kind, quarrel, lies, fight, disobey, cheating, hit, steal

1. It is not good to………school property
2. When you are ………..you lose a lot of things.
3. You should not …………anybody.
4. It is …………to abuse your friend.
5. When you……..your friends, you should be punished.
6. Fire…………dry objects
7. Bad children……….pens and pencils from drawer
8. If you …………….your elders, you are disobedient
9. Lazy children………………work.
10. People who tell………..are not honest

Structures

My I …………please? Yes, you may……. No, I am sorry you may not…….

Form correct sentences from the table

Forgive me for………

Examples

Forgive me for breaking the glass.

Forgive me for picking the fruit

Make sentences from these phrases

1. I beat the baby.  Forgive me for beating the baby.
2. I stole the money
3. I tore the clothes
4. I broke the chair
5. I made noise
6. I came late

Bad Behaviour: Vocabulary: rude, fight, steal, disobey, unkind, damage, abuse, cheat, quarrel, lie, dodge(let learners use the words in sentences)

USING ‘SHOULD AND MUST

Example

You should tell the truth all the time

You must tell the truth all the time

You should always be careful when doing work

You must always be careful when doing work

Activity

Use these given word phrases to construct meaningful sentences using should and must

1. Telling the truth
2. Being honest
3. Being careful when doing work
4. Being kind to others
5. Doing work at home
6. Going to school early
7. Helping other people
8. Talking nicely to friends
9. Telling lies
10. Being dishonest
11. Being careless when doing work
12. Being unkind to others
13. Quarreling with others

     

ADVERBS

Lesson 1

Lower class work

An adverb is a word that tells us more about verbs, adjectives and other adverbs.

Classes of adverbs

1. Adverbs of manner e.g. beautifully, nicely.
2. Adverbs of time e.g. yesterday, soon, before, today.
3. Adverbs of duration e.g.
4. Adverbs of frequency e.g. often, rarely, usually, ever, seldom, normally, commonly, frequently.
5. Adverbs of place e.g. nowhere, everywhere, here, three, outside, anywhere, at home.
6. Adverbs of degree e.g. much, almost, only, rather, very, quite.

Activity

Underline the adverbs in the given statements.

1. Those girls speak loudly.
2. Most people talk politely.
3. The teacher told us to write well.
4. The badly behaved boys were punished.
5. The guest of honour is arriving soon.
6. That girl’s work is
   quite good.
7. The teacher has taught us for three hours.
8. It rarely rains in December.
9. She has been in this since 2005.
10. Butter flies are found everywhere.

Lesson 2 – 3

FORMATION OF ADVERBS

Most adverbs are formed out of adjectives by simply adding “ly”

Example

Adjective Adverb

1. Clear clearly
2. Proud
3. Quick
4. Poor
5. Fair
6. Cheap
7. Sudden

Adverbs that are formed by adding “ly” although they end with “e”

Word adverb

1. Nice nicely
2. Wise
3. Rude
4. Complete
5. Sincere
6. Polite
7. Care

That end with a vowel before “e”

Word  adverb

True   truly

Whole Wholly

Adverbs which are formed by dropping “le” and replacing it with “ly”

 Word adverbs

1. Humble humbly
2. Simple
3. Possible
4. Terrible
5. Sensible
6. Gentle
7. Suitable
8. Miserable
9. Probable

Adjectives that end with “y” changes “y” to “I ” and add ” ly”

 Adjective adverb

1. Angry angrily
2. Lucky
3. Steady
4. Easy
5. Heavy
6. Lazy
7. Noisy
8. Clumsy
9. Merry

 Verb adverb

 Hurry hurriedly

 Steal stealthily

Adjectives that end with “I” form adverbs by simply adding “ly”

Adjective Adverb

1. Grateful gratefully
2. Careful
3. Equal
4. Practical
5. Accidental
6. Skilful
7. Royal
8. Annual
9. Mental
10. Hopeful

Activity

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the given word.

1. The boy left the dormitory at night ……………..( stealthy)
2. I got the answer to that question……… ( accidental )
3. The work men………….protested against their working conditions (angry)
4. On hearing the noise the doctor, went to the theatre……….. ( immediate)
5. She ate her food………… ( hurry)

Use an adverb in the place of the underlined words.

1. The thief was beaten without mercy.
2. The cup was broken with force.
3. He shouted at her with anger.
4. The president left the rally in a hurry.
5. She welcomed her mother by cheering.

Order of adverbs

The order of adverbs is manner, place and time.(MPT)

Examples

1. Beautiful aunt my is a lady very.

   My aunt is a very beautiful lady.

2. Was hurriedly yesterday Mary school to going.

   Mary was hurriedly ( manner) going to school (place) yesterday (time)

Activity

Put the following words in their correct order to make a good sentence.

1. London just madina for left has.
2. Last night cried loudly the baby.
3. The quickly thief walked bedroom to the
4. mum softly my speaks.
5. in class done the exercise wonderfully was yesterday.
6. a good habit reading is silently.
7. smartly the wedding gown my father dressed was in.

PREPOSITION

Word preposition

1. Congratulate on, for, up on
2. Concentrate on
3. Conscious   of
4. Lean   against/on
5. Escape  from
6. Good  at
7. Familiar  to / with

More in Mk precise pg 178- 179

D.E.h pg 95

Exercise from Mk pps task pg 59.

Lesson 6 -7

BUYING AND SELLING

Vocabulary

Study these words

Some, a few, cheap, expensive, kilogrammes, prices, items, a bar, a litre, metres, packet, cost

Activity

Complete the following sentences using the words given above

1. The shopkeeper is selling……….sugar
2. There are……… Irish potatoes left
3. The bread is……….in Musa’s shop
4. Some items are more……….than others.
5. Rice and sugar are sold in……….
6. I would like ………….of soap.
7. Milk and cooking oil are sold in………..
8. You can buy cloth in…………
9. Alice has a …………of biscuits
10. What is the …………….of a pair of shoes?
11. A good shop shows …………of items.
12. Different …………are well arranged in the shop.

Using ‘some and any’

Examples

1. I have some sugar in the shop.
2. I don’t have any sugar in the shop
3. John has some salt in the tin.
4. John doesn’t have any salt in the tin

Complete using ‘some’ and ‘any’

1. There is…………paraffin in the jerrycan.
2. We do not have…………biscuits left.
3. She has …………cassava flour in the sack.
4. She doesn’t have…………..meat on the plate.
5. They have………….soap to wash their clothes.
6. They have bought …………milk today.
7. I keep ……….powdered milk for the baby.
8. I do not want ………coloured pencils.
9. Godfrey is waiting for………food from the market.
10. Andrew does not grow…………Irish potatoes
11. There isn’t ………money left in my account
12. There was hardly ………….visitor in the church.

Using ”much and ”many” (Ref p.4 curriculum P15)

TENSE

Past tense

1. Past simple tense – lower class work – Review yesterday tense.
2. Past continuous tense – lower class work- Review present continuous tense.
3. Past perfect tense – lower class work –Review on participle of the main verb.
4. Past perfect continuous.

Past simple tense refers to the past events which are not related to the present.

Most verbs form their past by adding “ed” to the verbs and others are irregular.

Verb  simple past tense

1. Look looked
2. Borrow
3. Bark
4. Stop
5. Prefer
6. Clap
7. Bury
8. Fry
9. Dirty
10. Carry
11. Lie(deceive)
12. Tie
13. Die
14. Dye
15. Move
16. walk
17. clean
18. kill
19. play
20. ask
21. borrow

IRREGULAR VERBS

Verb   Past tense

1. Drink  drank
2. Ring
3. Shrink
4. Swim
5. Sink
6. Spring
7. Dig dug
8. Sting  stung
9. Strike
10. Tear
11. Break
12. Be
13. Grow
14. Seek
15. Sit
16. Wind
17. Shine
18. Put
19. lend
20. mean
21. spoil
22. kneel
23. sleep
24. sweep etc

More from D.E.h I pg 32 – 35

Activity pps 21 from Mk precise pg 81

Lesson 8

AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE (PAST SIMPLE TENSE)

Examples

1. A – He came to school late yesterday.

   N – He did not come late to school yesterday.

   I – Did he come to school late yesterday?

Evaluation

Change the sentences in to negative and interrogative form

1. She bought some sugar.
2. I helped some body yesterday.
3. We ate some meat yesterday.
4. He had something in his pocket.
5. Sarah took her friend to school.

Lesson 9

Lower class work: Review helping verbs in the statement.

Examples

1. She came to school yesterday, didn’t she?
2. They did not eat anything, did they?
3. I couldn’t talk to him, could I ?

Evaluation activity

Supply a correct question tag.

1. Jane enjoyed the music,…………….?
2. We did not see him,………………?
3. Kato could ride the bicycle,………………?
4. She might come today,……………?
5. I ought to go home,……………..?
6. They did not do their homework,………………?
7. He had to take back the changer,………………?
8. Mr. Musoke marked our books,……………..?

Lesson 10

Active and passive voice (past simple tense)

Examples

1. Mary cooked a lot of food.
2. A lot food was cooked by Mary.

Evaluation Activity

1. Namusoke swept the classroom.
2. The teacher marked all the books.
3. The doctor took the patient in the operation room.
4. The dog ate our hen
5. The children mopped all the verandahs.
6. Jane saw the robbers.
7. I hid it under the mat.
8. He killed the rat.
9. The teacher taught him English
10. The Europeans fooled us.

TOPIC: TIME

Vocabulary

Read these words

Morning, break time, afternoon, night, yesterday, midday, early, after, evening, lunch time

Activity

Make six sentences from the above words

Structures:

The use of ‘before’ and ‘after’

Example

I slept after saying a prayer (Use …….before)

I said a prayer before sleeping.

NB: Use ‘before ‘for’ what happened later and ‘after ‘ for what happened first.

Activity

Rewrite using………after………

1. I ate the food before going to bed
2. I washed my hands before eating
3. I did my homework before going to play

Rewrite using ……before……..

1. Muslims enter the mosque after removing their shoes
2. The cook served food after ringing the bell.
3. He said a prayer then he went to bed.

Lesson 11

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Lower class work: Review present continuous tense.

This tense is used to show that two events were taking place at the same time.

Examples

1. We were cleaning the compound while the teachers were supervising.
2. As I was digging, my mother was cooking.
3. When we were coming to school, we met a mad man

Evaluation Activity

From Mk precise pps bk pg 83

Language structures: Use of “while ” as and “when”

Lesson 12

AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE

(Past continuous)

Examples

A – She was ringing the bell.

N – She was not ringing the bell.

I – Was she ringing the bell?

Evaluation

Change the sentences in to negative and interrogative forms.

1. They were repairing his bed.
2. Simon was closing the door.
3. He was mending his shoes.
4. They were playing football.
5. I was preparing supper.

LESSON 13

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE OF PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Examples

A – Tim was selling rotten eggs.

P – Rotten eggs were being sold by Tim.

Evaluation Activity

Exercise E pg 100 Mk precise

Lesson 14

QUESTION TAGS.

Examples

1. She was peeling matooke, wasn’t she?
2. They were not sleeping, were they?

Evaluation Activity

1. We were listening to music,………………..?
2. I was helping him,…………………….?
3. The baby was crying,……………..?
4. They were digging,………………..?
5. Kato was slashing the compound, ………………….?
6. Sarah and Ann were dancing,…………………..?
7. The dog was sleeping,………………………?

Lesson 13

PAST PERFECT TENSE

Lower class work: Review the participle of the main verbs.

This tense is used to show that one event took place before another but in the past. This tense is also used to indicate that an event took place before a certain fixed time.

Examples

1. By the time he arrived, I had slept.
2. The baby had died when the doctor arrived.
3. By December last year, he had done his examinations.

Evaluation Activity

Mk precise pupil’s task pg 85

Lesson 16

Affirmative, Negative and interrogative (past perfect tense)

Examples

1. He had eaten supper.
2. He had not eaten supper
3. Had he eaten supper?

Evaluation change the sentences in to negative and interrogative forms

1. She had spotted the car.
2. Mary had read the book.
3. Peter had cleaned it.
4. She had seen the robber.
5. Musoke had gone home.

Lesson 17

QUESTION TAGS

Examples

1. Jane had not eaten anything,………………….?
2. We had seen it,……………..?
3. Namutebi had not yet gone,………………..?
4. Musoke and Ann had slept,………………..?
5. It had rained heavily,…………………?
6. The dog had died,………………..?
7. You had seen me,………………………..?

Lesson 18

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE OF PAST TENSE

Examples

1. A – Sheila had stolen the money.
2. P – The money had been stolen by Sheila.

Evaluation

Exercise H Mk precise pps task pg 101.

Lesson 19

FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE

Lower class work

Review use of will or shall.

We use this tense when thinking of or imagining an action or event that will take place at a point of time in future.

Examples

1. He will eat posho.
2. I shall come back tomorrow.

Activities on pg 88 Mk precise pps task 25.

Lesson 20

Affirmative, Negative and interrogative

(Future simple tense)

Example

1. A – Peter will see his teacher tomorrow.
2. N – Peter won’t see his teacher tomorrow.
3. – will Peter see his teacher tomorrow?

Activity

Rewrite these sentences in negative and interrogative

1. I shall prepare posho to night.
2. Andrew will buy a new car.
3. Boarders will sleep early tomorrow.
4. We shall have a meeting next week.
5. I shall keep it somewhere.
6. He will eat something before lunch.

Lesson 21

QUESTIONS TAGS (FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE)

Lower class work: Review the helping verbs in the tense.

Examples

1. They won’t visit us today, will they?
2. I shall manage that work, shan’t I ?

Activity

Supply question tags

1. We shall take all the money,…………………?
2. The bay won’t cry at night,………………….?
3. John will drive his car,…………….?
4. Carol will win a prize,…………………..?
5. We shall not study at night,…………….?
6. I will go to the market after class,…………………….?
7. We shall meet next week,………………………?
8. She will be a good teacher,……………………?
9. Paul won’t see the doctor,………………………?
10. Mother will take care of the baby,……………..?

Lesson 22

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

(Future simple tense )

1. Jane will take the ball (active)

   The ball will be taken by Jane.

Activity

Re-write the following sentences in to passive voice.

1. Peter will beat all the girls.
2. We shall carry it.
3. I will answer many questions.
4. They will sweep it.
5. He will clean the room.
6. She will learn science
7. They will guide us.
8. Stella will write to me.
9. The timekeeper will ring the bell.

Lesson 23

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

The tense is used when saying or writing about an event that is taking place for a period of time in the future.

We use helping verbs” will be” / “shall be” + a main verb ending in ….”ing”

Examples.

1. We shall be leaving for Nairobi next week.
2. She won’t be seeing us for several days.

Activity

Mk precise pg 89 pps task 26.

Lesson 24

AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE

(Future continuous tense)

Examples

A – They will be sowing the beans.

N – They won’t be sowing the beans.

I – Will they be sowing the beans?

Activity

Re-write the sentences in negative and interrogative forms.

1. She will be buying some sugar.
2. I shall be talking to some body.
3. He will be writing to his father.
4. He will be preparing something for you.
5. Students will be leaving for a short holiday soon.
6. We shall be coming early next week.

Lesson 25

QUESTION TAGS

Future continuous tense

Examples

1. We shall be singing nicely, shan’t we?
2. They won’t be listening to you, will they?

Activity

1. They will be sweeping the class room,……………?
2. The teachers will be teaching us,…………….?
3. I shall be informing them,……………….?
4. The children will be cleaning the windows,………………..?
5. The squirrels will be hiding,…………………..?
6. I shall be building my house,……………….?
7. Peter will be writing to his father,…………………?
8. Willy and Peter won’t be coming,…………….?
9. We shan’t be missing lunch,………………..?
10. I shall be fishing from the pond,………………..?

Lesson 26

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE (Future continuous tense)

Examples

A – Jane will be baking cakes.

P – Cakes will be being baked by Jane.

Activity

Re-write in passive voice.

1. The teacher will be marking our books.
2. He will be seeing the preacher.
3. The doctor will be helping me.
4. John will be helping me.
5. Kato will be washing the dishes.
6. Sarah will be receiving visitors.
7. The farmers will be harvesting crops.
8. James will be marrying Sarah.

Lesson 29

ANALOGIES

Lower class work; Review occupation, opposite, homes, young ones and sounds of creatures

Examples

1. Little is to big as dwarf is to giant.

Activity

Put the suitable words in the space below.

1. A spider is to fly as cat is to……………..
2. Sheep is to mutton as pig is………..
3. ……………….. is to donkey as neigh is to horse.
4. ………………is to hand as toe is to foot.
5. North is to ……………….. as East is to West.
6. Tears is to sorrow as smile is ……….
7. Cat is to kitten as……… is to puppy.
8. ………… are to birds as scales are to fish.
9. Flock is to sheep as…..is to cattle.
10. Eat is to ………….. as go is to went
11. Food is to hungry as drink is to …………
12. Knives are to …………as guns are to shoot.

More in first Aid in Eng pg 34 -35.

Lesson 30

SIMILES

Lower class work: Comparison of objects

Similes: When a description of some thing or someone is made in comparison to something else, we call that kind of comparison a smile.

Examples

1. As busy as a bee / ant
2. U.P.D.F soldiers are as brave as a lion.

Activity

Complete these with the correct similes.

1. As calm as………………..
2. As devoted as a ……………….
3. As fast as a…………………
4. As gentle as a ………………………
5. As happy as a …………….
6. As a like as ……..
7. As patient as ……….
8. As quiet as a ……………..
9. As sober as a ………………….
10. As tender as a …………………
11. As wise as ……………
12. As cunning as a ………………
13. As flat as a ………………..
14. As hungry as a ………………
15. As heavy as an …………
16. As playful as a ………………
17. As poor as a ………………
18. As proud as a ……………..
19. As silly as a ……………….
20. As white as …………

COMPREHENSION AND COMPOSITION WORK

Lesson 1

Vocabulary

1. Dialogue (Ppls bk pg 72)
2. Poem (Ppls bk pg 73)
3. Passage “Break time at school canteen” (Ppls bk pg 74)
4. Jumbled sentences “The obedient boy” (Ppls bk pg 77)
5. Puzzle ” Copy and complete the puzzle by filling in the missing words (Ppls bk pg 78)

Bad behavior

1. Poem (Ppls bk pg 85)
2. Dialogue (Ppls bk pg 85)
3. Passage (Ppls bk pg 86)
4. A table showing bad behavior done by different children

Questions

1. What did Ritah do?
2. How many children are shown on the table?
3. Who lied to her teacher?
4. What did David do?
5. Who disobeyed his parents?
6. Who did the same bad behavior?
7. What is the table about?
8. What do you think teacher did to Nelly and Faith

Picture composition

Form sentences about each picture

1. …………………………..
2. …………………………..
3. ……………………….
4. ………………………
5. Who was careless?
6. Why did Jumba climb the tree?
7. Who should be punished?
8. Why did the cows go to eat the maize?
9. What should Jumba do?
10. Where do you think Juma was taken?

Buying and selling

1. Poem (Ppls pg 99)
2. Dialogue (ppls pg 100)
3. Passage (Ppls pg 100 – 101 (market days)
4. Picture composition

Form sentences about each picture

1. ………….
2. ……………

1. Picture composition (why a bank is useful)

Form sentences about each picture

1. ………..
2. ………….
3. Who got a lot of money?
4. What did Swahib sell?
5. Where did old Swahib keep his money?
6. Why do you think Swahib should have kept his money in the bank?

TIME

Calendar

March 2015

Questions

1. When did the month begin?
2. When did the month end?
3. How many Sundays are shown?
4. How many incomplete weeks are shown?
5. Which month follows this month?
6. How many times did Musa go for Juma prayers in this month?
7. On which day did the month begin?
8. When was 10^th?
9. On which day did the previous month end?
10. Write short forms for (a) Wednesday (b) Thursday

Time table

Primary four timetable for St. Lucia primary school

Questions

1. What lesson do pupils have first on Tuesday?

1. What is the fourth lesson on Friday?
2. What activity do pupils have at 4:00pm every day?
3. Which lesson comes immediately after break on Monday?
4. How many times do pupils have PE in the week?
5. On which day do pupils have computer lessons?
6. How long does each lesson take?
7. Write in full (a) PE (b) RE (c ) MTC

   Poem “Mr. Clock” (pg 111 ppls bk4)

   Passage “My cousin’s wedding (Ppls bk 4 pg 112)

   Guided composition “School fees” (Ppls bk pg 115)

   Dialogue (Ppls bk 4 pg 121)

    

P.4 ENGLISH LESSON NOTES TERM III

TOPIC: COMPREHENSION

THE FUTRE

1. Dialogue (ppls bk pg 131)
2. Table “Ojok’s plannr 2015 (Ppls bk pg 127)

Questions

1. When will Ojok write a letter to Grandpa?
2. On which day will Ojok scrub the jerrycans at the well?
3. On which date will Ojok have three activities?
4. How many activities will Ojok carryout in December
5. What will Ojok do on Friday 22^nd December 2015
6. With whom will Ojok play football on 22^nd December 2015?
7. Write two activities Ojok will do on Wednesday?
8. Give another word for grandpa?

Passage “Preparing for a party” (Ppls bk pg 132)

Guided composition (Ppls bk pg 134)

Keeping a diary

Conversation (Ppls bk pg 139)

Questions

1. Who are the two people conversing?
2. What were they talking about?
3. Who has got a diary?
4. When will Rashid get a diary?
5. Who will buy for Tendo a diary?
6. How often will Ojok write in his diary?

Passage “Tendo’s diary” (Ppls pg 139)

Diary Amanya’s diary

Questions

1. Whose diary is this?
2. How many activities did Amanya do on Friday.
3. What did amanya do on the first Wednesday of this month
4. When did Amanya send the invitation card to her uncle?
5. What did Amanya’s father buy for her on Monday?
6. Who baked Amanya’s birthday cake?
7. On which day did Amanya celebrate her birthday?

Jumbled story

Study time

1. Study timetable “Tendo’s timetable” (Ppls bk pg 144)
2. Timetable “Timetable for primary four” (ppls bk pg 145)
3. Story “The best place for me” (ppls pg 146)
4. Conversation (ppls bk pg 145)

Questions

1. How many people are taking part in the conversation
2. Who spoke first?
3. Who finds it hard to use a timetable?
4. When does Rashid usually read?
5. Why can’t Tendo read in the morning?
6. Why can’t Tendo lock himself in the bedroom?
7. Why can’ty Tendo help his aunt?
8. Who advised Tendo on how to use the timetable?

GAMES AND SPORTS

Vocabulary: support, skip, lose, umpire, referee, coach, ordinal numbers, kick

1. Study the picture (ppls bk pg 150)
2. Passage “Kiprotich wins two gold medals” (ppls bk pg 155)
3. Table “How Kiprotich worked” (ppls bk 155)

Questions

1. In which year was Kiprotich the ninth?
2. Name the race in wich Kiprotich was the 12^th?
3. What was Kiprotich’s position in 2006?
4. Write the three races where Kiprotich was the 1^st?
5. In which race was Kiprotich the 3^rd?
6. In which race did Kiprotich not perform well?
7. How did Kiprotich perorm in London Olympics?
8. In which year did Kiprotich perform in Enschede Marathon?

1. Guided composition
2. Jumbled story

MUSIC, DANCE AND DRAMA

Vocabulary: recite, conductor, costume, actor, actress, choir, concert, festival, drama, rhyme, instruments

1. Poem (ppls bk pg 165)
2. Passage “Music dance and dram festival in my school” (ppls bk pg 166)
3. Guided composition (ppls bk pg 167)
4. Draw and name any 5 musical instruments you know

ELECTIONS

Vocabulary: prefects vote, elect campaign, rig, post, vote, monitor, ballotpaper

1. Poster (study the poster and answer the questions)

   Buye primary school prefect elections

Language structures:

a) Using: ….who…..

e.g John is the boy who won the post of head boy

b) Using: ….whom…

e.g The girl whom we voted did not win

1. Tuzane Gibson loses elections (ppls bk pg 173)
2. Table showing election results for Ojok’s school

Questions

1. What does the table show?

2. How many pupils are in P.4?

3. How man pupils voted Ezati?

4. Who got the least votes?

5. Who won the elections?

Lesson 1

IF CLAUSES (conditionals)

Lower class work: Review the use of “will and “shall” to construct sentences.

Conditional clauses contain the word if or unless.

They are called conditional clauses because a certain condition is supposed to or imagined to be fulfilled in order for an action to take place.

IF 1:

It talks about possible results in a real situation (i.e. ) things can happen if a condition is fulfilled.

We always use,

(If + Present tense + Future tense)

Examples

1. If I get some money. I will buy a radio

    (If clauses)   (Main clause)

    Or or

   (Conditional clause) (Result clause)

2. If Juma comes, we shall go.

   (If clause)  (Main clause)

   Or  or

   (Conditional clause) (Result clause)

3. Result

   My passing the examination my working hard.

If I work hard, I will ( shall ) pass the examinations

Evaluation Activity

1. Our stopping the game. It raining.
2. My not hearing from you. My not doing any thing.
3. Musoke being very happy. His father paying his school fees.
4. Your wanting to see me. It has late.
5. Tom’s coming. Your wanting to see him.
6. His getting money. His buying a radio.

Rewrite as instructed in the brackets.

1. We shall stop taking sugar if it becomes expensive. (Rewrite beginning: If ……….)
2. The priest wants to buy a car but he does not have enough money. (Begin: If…..)
3. The more you play. You get little marks. (Re-write using ……..If ……..)
4. Sit down or else you will be punished. ( Beginning: If …………….)

Lesson 2

Lower work: Review negative statements.

Use of unless

Unless means if not.

Examples

1. If he does not work hard, he will not pass. Unless he works hard, he will not pass.

   He will not pass unless he works hard.

Evaluation activity

Rewrite beginning and using “Unless”

1. The lakes will dry up if it shines a lot.
2. If Jane does not take doctor’s advice. She will die.
3. If they don’t read hard, they will not get 4 aggregates.
4. If my brother buys a car, I shall learn to die.
5. If you clean your shoes, the teacher will allow you in class.
6. He will only get there in time if he leaves right now.
7. If I see the snake, I shall kill it.
8. I shall do that work if you pay me.
9. The vegetable will dry if the children do not water them.
10. If I see him today, I shall be happy.

Lesson 3 -4

Lower class work: Review simple abbreviations.

Abbreviations and contractions

Examples

Common abbreviations

Latin abbreviations

1. A.D – Anno Domini ( In the year of the lord
2. A.m – ante meridiem. ( before noon)
3. P.M – Post meridiem. ( afternoon)
4. E.g. – exampli gratia ( for example )
5. Etc – et cetera ( and so on)
6. i.e – id est ( that is )
7. N.B – Nota bene ( note well)
8. R.S.V.P –Respondez sil vous plait ( please reply)
9. Viz – Videlicet ( namely)
10. Via – by way of

Other abbreviations

1. Ave – Avenue
2. St – Saint / street
3. Rd – Road
4. Co – Company
5. Ltd – Limited
6. Rev – Reverend
7. Dr.- Doctor
8. Tr. – Teacher
9. H/M – His / Her Majesty
10. Mt. Mount
11. Dept – Department
12. Abbr. Abbreviation
13. W.e.f – With effect from
14. Ref – reference
15. P.T.O – please turn Over.
16. I.O.U – I owe You.
17. C.O.D – Cash on Delivery
18. Mr. Mister
19. Mrs. – mistress
20. C/o – Care of.
21. a/c – account
22. cr. – credit
23. FIFA – Federation of International Foot ball Association.
24. FUFA – Federation of Uganda Foot ball Association
25. VAT – Value Added Tax.
26. UWESO – Uganda Women’s Effort to save orphans.
27. P.S.V – Public Service van/ vehicle ( not passengers)
28. PMO – Private Motor Omni bus.
29. P.L.E – Primary Leaving Examination
30. UNEB – Uganda National Examination Board.
31. UPE – Universal Primary Education
32. USE – Universal secondary Education
33. NEMA – National Environment Management Authority
34. NARO – National Agricultural Research Organization.
35. Govt – Government

Contractions

1. She will – she’ll
2. Is not – isn’t
3. Will not – won’t
4. Shall not – shan’t
5. I’d – I had, I would
6. I’ve – I have
7. Cannot – can’t
8. Has not – hasn’t
9. It is – it’s
10. He would – he’d
11. Must not – mustn’t
12. Does not – doesn’t
13. Do not – don’t
14. You are – you’re
15. Ought not – oughtn’t
16. Should not – shouldn’t
17. There is – there’s
18. Of the clock – o’clock
19. Let us – let’s
20. They are – they’re

Days of the week

Mon. – Monday

Tue – Tuesday

Wed – Wednesday

Thur – Thursday

Fri – Friday

Sat – Saturday

Sun – Sunday

Months of the year

Jan – January

Feb – February

Mar – March

Apri – April

Jun – June

Jul – July

Aug – August

Sept – September

Oct – October

Nov – November

Dec – December

Metric abbreviations

Cm – Centimetre

G – Gramme / gram

Kg – Kilogramme / Kilogram

L – Litre

M – Metre

Mm – Milimetre

More in precise pgs 211-217) exercise pupils’ task 63 (1-3)

Lesson 5

SPEECHES

Lower class work: Review the use of commas in sentences.

1. Direct speech
2. Reported speech ( Indirect speech )

Direct speech

This is when you report yourself using your own words.

This is made of two parts

1. The speech tag.
2. The actual words used. These actual words always start with capital letter and must be between
3. Quotation mark. ( open and close inverted commas )

Examples

1. ” I shall go to town tomorrow,” said Mary

   (Actual words) (Speech tag)

John said, “My uncle is sick,”

Speech tag Actual words.

Indirect speech (Reported speech)

This is when someone else reports for you but using the words you used.

This is made of three parts.

1. The speech tag
2. The conjunction (Joining word)
3. The said words in past tense

Examples

1. Mary said that she would go to town the following day

   Speech tag conjunction said words

2. John said that his uncle was sick.

   Speech tag  conjunction said words.

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH OF PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

When changing sentences in to indirect speech, the present simple tense changes to past simple tense.

Direct speech Indirect speech

Am – was

Are – were

I – He /she

We – they

This – that

These – those

My – his / her

Our – their / theirs

Here  – there

Today – that day

Can – could

Come – go

Bring   – take

You – him / her / they

Me – her / him

May – might

Have / has – had

When the speech tag is in the present simple tense, the actual words remain in the same tense.

3.D: We eat posho everyday,” say the pupils.

1: The pupils say that they ate posho everyday.

Evaluation Activity

Rewrite the following sentences changing to indirect speech.

1. She says, “I like Irene.”
2. “We play every evening, ” said Solome
3. ” I can ride a bicycle,” said Tim.
4. “The world is round,” says the teacher.
5. The pupils said, “We sing the national anthem every Monday.
6. “This is our home; I live here, “said the young girl.
7. “I may not come to school,” said Kenneth.
8. “I want to go to Jinja today,” said mother.
9. “Peter brings his books everyday,” said the teacher.
10. “My dad has a good car,” said John.

Lesson 6

DIRECT AND INDIRECT IN PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

When changing direct speech in present continuous tense, the present continuous tense changes to past continuous tense.

Direct indirect

Now   – then

Am  – was

Is  – was

Are  – were

Coming – going

Examples

1. “Peter is sweeping the floor,” said Maria. (Direct )

   Maria said the Peter was sweeping the floor.

2. The headmaster said, ” I am coming to school now. (Direct)

   The headmaster said that he was going to school then. (Indirect )

NB If a word is already given in its changed form, you leave it as it is.

Example

Indirect Direct

Take – take

Go – go

There – there

That – that

Activity

Rewrite the following sentences in indirect speech.

1. The head teacher said,” I am studying very hard to get a degree.”
2. My neighbor whispered, “We are going to get all these numbers correct today.”
3. ” I am hunting wild animals there,” said the hunter.
4. “We are coming to the playground now,” they said.
5. She said, “James is sleeping in the classroom today.”
6. “We are taking this car now,” the drivers said.
7. The gatekeeper said, ” The thief is jumping over the fence now.”
8. He is bringing our books here,” said the class monitor.

    

Lesson 7

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH IN PRESENT TENSE

When changing sentences in to indirect speech, present perfect tense changes to past perfect tense.

Examples

1. The teacher said,” I have spoken to you about your dressing.” ( Direct)
2. He says, “I have drunk this water already.” (Direct )

   He says that he has drunk that water already. (Indirect)

Activity

Change from Direct to Indirect speech.

1. They said, “We have spoilt this desk from here today.”
2. Sarah says, “She has written her name in front of all these people.”
3. The observer said, you have beaten that boy’s arm for nothing.”
4. A designer said, “He has designed it in the wrong way.”
5. “Stella has gone this afternoon,” said the neighbour
6. This dog has bitten this baby today,” the girl said.
7. The priest says, “I have received this gift from Naddangira parish today.”
8. Ka to said, ” I have brought these books already,”

Lesson 8

ORDINAL AND CARDINAL NUMBERS

Lower class work: Review counting numbers in words.

Ordinal numbers are numbers that refer to a position of something in series e.g. first, second.

Cardinal numbers are numbers used to show quality rather than order.

e.g. 1, 35, 104.

TABLE SHOWING NUMBERS IN CARDINAL AND ORDINAL

CARDINAL

1. – one
2. – two
3. – three
4. – four
5. – five
6. – eleven
7. – twelve
8. – thirteen

19.- nineteen

20 – twenty

29 – twenty nine

40 – forty

90 – ninety.

ORDINAL

1^st – first

2^nd – second

3^rd – third

4^th – fourth

9^th – ninth

11^th – eleventh

12^th – twelfth

13^th – thirteenth

19^th – nineteenth

20^th – twentieth

29^th – twenty nineth

40^th – fortieth

90^th – ninetieth

100^th – one hundredth

Activity

Write the underlined numbers in words.

1. There are 45 pupils in our class.
2. 24 hours make a day.
3. There are 7 days in a week.
4. 12 months make a year.
5. Martin was the 5^th in the whole class.
6. There 700 pupils in our school.
7. November is the 11^th month of the year.
8. Today is 20^th October, 2011.
9. Women’s day is celebrated on 8^th March every year.
10. Uganda got her independence on 9^th October 1962.

Use the correct form of the word in brackets

1. Maria was the …………….last term. ( three)
2. I always come……….. when we do exams. ( one)
3. My dad punished me because I was the ………( twelve)
4. Granny was the ……………… born in the family.(two)
5. That country held its….. independence. ( forty)

Lesson 9

PROVERBS

Lower class work: Review simple wise sayings.

Definition: A proverb is a wise saying with a hidden meaning.

Some common proverbs

1. A bad beginning makes a good ending.
2. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
3. A rolling stone gathers no moss.
4. A bad workman blames his tools.
5. A stitch in time saves nine.
6. A word to a wise is enough.
7. All that glitters is not gold.
8. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
9. Better late than never.
10. Birds of the same feathers flock together.
11. Charity begins at home but should not end there.
12. Cut you coat according to your cloth

Activity

Complete the following proverbs

1. …………saves nine.
2. Empty tins…………….
3. ……………….. is enough
4. ………………… makes perfect.
5. …………………. Seldom bite.
6. A fool and his money…………….
7. Actions ………………….
8. ………………………. Gathers no moss.
9. Spare the rod……….
10. One good turn…………….

Lesson 10

DESCRIPTION OF PEOPLE AND OCCUPATIONS

Lower class work: Review work done to earn a living.

Examples:

1. A person who treats our eyes oculist.
2. One who looks after sheep a shepherd?
3. A child who has lost his parents an orphan.
4. A woman whose husband is dead a widow.
5. A man who is about to marry a bridegroom.
6. A person who treats sick teeth a dentist.
7. A girl who is about to marry a bride.
8. A man whose wife is dead a widower.

Activity

Supply the missing word.

1. The meat of a sheep is called
2. A ……………… writes poems.
3. A………………… is a woman whose husband has died.
4. A person who cannot read or write………………
5. A person who is sick………………..
6. A person who cannot see………………
7. One who sells flowers……………………..
8. One who sells things moving from door to door……………
9. A person who writes books……………
10. A person who cannot talk………….