{"id":590,"date":"2023-09-26T14:53:04","date_gmt":"2023-09-26T14:53:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/ecole9ja\/?p=590"},"modified":"2023-09-26T15:06:20","modified_gmt":"2023-09-26T15:06:20","slug":"week-2-jss-1-third-term-cultural-and-creative-arts-lesson-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/posts\/week-2-jss-1-third-term-cultural-and-creative-arts-lesson-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 2 – Jss 1 Third Term Cultural and Creative Arts Lesson Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"

CLASS;JSS1 WEEK 2<\/strong>
\n\t\tTOPIC; <\/strong>
\n\t\t\t\tMOSAIC.
\n<\/strong>Mosaic
\n<\/strong>Mosaic<\/strong>\u00a0is the\u00a0art\u00a0of creating images with an assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials. It is a technique of\u00a0decorative art\u00a0or\u00a0interior decoration. Most mosaics are made of small, flat, roughly\u00a0square, pieces of stone or glass of different colors, known as\u00a0tesserae<\/em>; but some, especially floor mosaics, may also be made of small rounded pieces of stone, and called “pebble mosaics”
\nMosaic has a long history, starting in\u00a0Mesopotamia\u00a0in the 3rd millennium BC. Pebble mosaics were made in\u00a0Tiryns\u00a0in\u00a0Mycenaean\u00a0Greece; mosaics with patterns and pictures became widespread in classical times, both in\u00a0Ancient Greece\u00a0and\u00a0Ancient Rome. Early Christian\u00a0basilicas\u00a0from the 4th century onwards were decorated with wall and ceiling mosaics. Mosaic art flourished in the\u00a0Byzantine Empire\u00a0from the 6th to the 15th centuries; that tradition was adopted by the\u00a0Norman\u00a0kingdom in\u00a0Sicily\u00a0in the 12th century, by eastern-influenced\u00a0Venice, and among the\u00a0Rus\u00a0in Ukraine. Mosaic fell out of fashion in the Renaissance, though artists like\u00a0Raphael\u00a0continued to practice the old technique. Roman and Byzantine influence led Jews to decorate 5th and 6th century synagogues in the Middle East with floor mosaics.
\nMosaic was widely used on religious buildings and palaces in early\u00a0Islamic art, including Islam’s first great religious building, the Dome of the Rock in\u00a0Jerusalem, and the\u00a0Umayyad Mosque\u00a0in\u00a0Damascus. Mosaic went out of fashion in the Islamic world after the 8th century.<\/p>\n

Greek and Roman.
\n<\/h3>\n

Bronze age\u00a0pebble mosaics have been found at\u00a0Tiryns;\u00a0mosaics of the 4th century BC are found in the\u00a0Macedonian\u00a0palace-city of\u00a0Aegean, and the 4th-century BC mosaic of\u00a0The Beauty of Durres\u00a0discovered in\u00a0Durres,\u00a0Albania\u00a0in 1916, is an early figural example; the Greek figural style was mostly formed in the 3rd century BC. Mythological subjects, or scenes of hunting or other pursuits of the wealthy, were popular as the Centre pieces of a larger geometric design, with strongly emphasized borders.\u00a0Pliny the Elder\u00a0mentions the artist\u00a0Souses of Pergamum\u00a0by name, describing his mosaics of the food left on a floor after a feast and of a group of doves drinking from a bowl.\u00a0Both of these themes were widely copied.
\nGreek figural mosaics could have been copied or adapted paintings, a far more prestigious art form, and the style was enthusiastically adopted by the Romans so that large floor mosaics enriched the floors of\u00a0Hellenistic\u00a0villas\u00a0and\u00a0Roman dwellings from Britain to\u00a0Dura-Europe. Most recorded names of Roman mosaic workers are Greek, suggesting they dominated high quality work across the empire; no doubt most ordinary craftsmen were slaves. Splendid mosaic floors are found in Roman villas across\u00a0North Africa, in places such as\u00a0Carthage, and can still be seen in the extensive collection in Bardo Museum\u00a0in\u00a0Tunis,\u00a0Tunisia.
\nThere were two main techniques in Greco-Roman mosaic:\u00a0opus vermiculatum<\/em>\u00a0used tiny\u00a0tesserae<\/em>, typically cubes of 4 millimeters or less, and was produced in workshops in relatively small panels which were transported to the site glued to some temporary support. The tiny\u00a0tesserae<\/em>\u00a0allowed very fine detail, and an approach to the illusionism of painting. Often small panels called\u00a0emblematic<\/em>\u00a0were inserted into walls or as the highlights of larger floor-mosaics in coarser work. The normal technique was\u00a0opus tessellatum<\/em>, using larger tesserae, which was laid on site.[6]<\/sup>\u00a0There was a distinct native Italian style using black on a white background, which was no doubt cheaper than fully coloured work.<\/p>\n

Christian mosaic
\n<\/h3>\n

Early Christian art
\n<\/strong><\/h4>\n

With the building of Christian\u00a0basilicas\u00a0in the late 4th century, wall and ceiling mosaics were adopted for Christian uses. The earliest examples of Christian basilicas have not survived, but the mosaics of\u00a0Santa Constanza\u00a0and\u00a0Santa Pudenziana, both from the 4th century, still exist. The winemaking putti in the\u00a0ambulatory\u00a0of Santa Constanza still follow the classical tradition in that they represent the feast of\u00a0Bacchus, which symbolizes transformation or change, and are thus appropriate for a mausoleum, the original function of this building. In another great Constantine basilica, the\u00a0Church of the Nativity\u00a0in Bethlehem\u00a0the original mosaic floor with typical Roman geometric motifs is partially preserved. The so-called\u00a0Tomb of the Julii, near the crypt beneath\u00a0St Peter’s Basilica, is a 4th-century vaulted tomb with wall and ceiling mosaics that are given Christian interpretations. The\u00a0Rotunda of Galerius\u00a0in\u00a0Thessaloniki, converted into a Christian church during the course of the 4th century, was embellished with very high artistic quality mosaics. Only fragments survive of the original decoration, especially a band depicting saints with hands raised in prayer, in front of complex architectural fantasies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

CLASS;JSS1 WEEK 2 TOPIC; MOSAIC. Mosaic Mosaic\u00a0is the\u00a0art\u00a0of creating images with an assemblage of small…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts","category-third-term-jss1-fine-art"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/590","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=590"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/590\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":591,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/590\/revisions\/591"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=590"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}