{"id":3919,"date":"2023-10-06T07:46:16","date_gmt":"2023-10-06T07:46:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/ecole9ja\/?p=3919"},"modified":"2023-10-06T07:51:04","modified_gmt":"2023-10-06T07:51:04","slug":"week-1-ss3-second-term-biology-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/posts\/week-1-ss3-second-term-biology-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 1 &#8211; SS3 Second Term Biology Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Week<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>SECOND TERM E-LEARNING NOTE<br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n\u00a0<strong>SUBJECT:  BIOLOGY\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0            CLASS: SS 3<br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n\u00a0<strong>SCHEME OF WORK<br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n\u00a0<strong>WEEK         TOPIC<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>The fruit (Structure, types, dispersal of fruits and seeds)\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Variation in population (Morphological, physiological, application)\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Adaptation for survival (Competition)\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Adaptive colouration and behavioural adaptation\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Theories of evolution\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Biology of heredity (Genetics)\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Chromosomes (Location, structure, roles in genetics), probability and application of genetics\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>REFERENCES<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>Modern Biology for Senior Secondary Schools by S.T. Ramlingam\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Essential Biology by M.C Michael\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>College Biology by IdodoUmeh\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>SSCE, past questions and answers\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>UTME, SSCE and CAMBRIDGE past questions and answers\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Biology practical text\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<strong>WEEK ONE<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>THE FRUIT<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>CONTENT<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Structure of a fruit\n<\/li>\n<li>Types of fruits\n<\/li>\n<li>Dispersal of fruits and seeds\n<\/li>\n<li>Features that aids methods of dispersal\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>STRUCTURE OF A FRUIT<br \/>\n<\/strong>A fruit is a matured fertilized ovary of a flower containing one or more seeds. Contrary to this, some plants do not undergo fertilization for the formation of their fruit. Such fruits are called <strong>parthenocarpic<\/strong> fruits e.g. banana and pineapple. Such fruits are seedless.<br \/>\nA typical fruit has the following parts<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The fruit wall called pericarp which is made up of three layers from the inside to the outside (epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp).\n<\/li>\n<li>The seed or seeds\n<\/li>\n<li>The fruit stalk-the point of attraction between the fruit to the plant.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>EVALUATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>What is a fruit?\n<\/li>\n<li>Describe the structure of a typical fruit\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>TYPES OF FRUITS<br \/>\n<\/strong>Fruits are classified based on their origin or structure. Common ways of classifying fruits are<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>True and false fruits\n<\/li>\n<li>Simple, aggregate and composite fruits\n<\/li>\n<li>Fleshy and dry fruits\n<\/li>\n<li>Dehiscent and indehiscent fruits\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>True and false fruit: &#8211;<br \/>\n<\/strong>A true fruit develop from a fertilized ovary and it contains a pericarp and seed(s) e. g. mango, cowpea while a false fruit develop from the ovary and other floral parts e. g. apple, cashew.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>Simple, aggregate and composite fruits<br \/>\n<\/strong>A simple fruit develops from a single flower with a single ovary e. g. cowpea, maize. An aggregate fruit develops from a single flower with several ovaries (each ovary develops into a fruitlet to form a cluster). The fruitlets have a common fruit stalk e. g. custard apple, strawberry. A composite fruit develops from an inflorescence e. g. fig, breadfruit.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>Fleshy and dry fruits<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Fleshy fruit<\/strong> is a fruit that has the whole pericarp or at least one of the pericarp thick, soft and succulent is a fleshy fruit. There are six types of fleshy fruits:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Drupe: &#8211; A true, simple fruit with a thin epicarp, fleshy or fibrous mesocarp and a hard and woody endocarp which encloses the seed(s) e. g. mango, coconut, oilpalm fruits.\n<\/li>\n<li>Berry: &#8211; A true, simple fruit with a thin epicarp and succulent, edible mesocarp and endocarp e. g. tomatoes, guava etc.\n<\/li>\n<li>Hesperidium: &#8211; A special type of berry in which the epicarp and mesocarp are fused together and the endocarp form distinct chambers filled with succulent hairs e. g. oranges, lemon, grapes etc.\n<\/li>\n<li>Pome: &#8211; A simple, false fruit in which the fleshy edible part is derived from the receptacle and the core enclosing the seeds from the ovary e. g. apple and pear\n<\/li>\n<li>Sorosis: &#8211; A composite, false fruit formed from a dense inflorescence e. g. breadfruit, pineapple\n<\/li>\n<li>Synconium: &#8211; A composite false fruit that develop from a cup-like inflorescence enclosing numerous tiny male and female flowers e. g. fig\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>Dry fruit <\/strong>is atype of fruit in which the pericarp becomes dry, hard, woody or fibrous when the fruit ripens. Dry fruits can be grouped into dehiscent or indehiscent fruits<strong><br \/>\n\t\t<\/strong><br \/>\n\u00a0<strong>Dehiscent fruits<\/strong> split open to release the seeds when ripe. Four main types are<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Legumes: &#8211; The pericarp split open longitudinally along both side to release the seeds e. g. cowpea. Flamboyant etc.\n<\/li>\n<li>Follicle: &#8211;  The pericarp split open longitudinally on one side only to release the seeds e. g. silk cotton, kola\n<\/li>\n<li>Capsule: &#8211; The pericarp slit along many sides to release the seeds e. g. okro, cotton etc\n<\/li>\n<li>Schizocarp: &#8211; Breaks up into units enclosing one seed each e. g. desmodium, cassia etc.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>Indehiscent fruits<\/strong> fall to the ground when ripe, eventually decayed to release the seeds. Five main types are<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Achene e. g. clematis\n<\/li>\n<li>Cypsela e. g. tridax, sunflower, marigold\n<\/li>\n<li>Caryopsis e. g. maize, rice\n<\/li>\n<li>Nut e. g. cashew nut\n<\/li>\n<li>Samara e. g. combretum\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>EVALUATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Differentiate between a) true fruits and false fruits b) simple, aggregate and composite fruits\n<\/li>\n<li>Mention five types of dry dehiscent fruits with one example each\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>DISPERSAL OF SEEDS AND FRUITS<br \/>\n<\/strong>This is the transfer of the seed or fruit from the parent plant to other places where such seed may germinate. The essence of dispersal includes the following:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>To avoid undue competition for nutrients ,light space and water\n<\/li>\n<li>To prevent overcrowding of plants\n<\/li>\n<li>To prevent spread of disease\n<\/li>\n<li>To encourage colonization of new area for such plants\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>Agents of dispersal<br \/>\n<\/strong>These are the means by which seeds and fruits are removed from parents to other places. These agents include:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>wind\n<\/li>\n<li>water\n<\/li>\n<li>animals and man\n<\/li>\n<li>explosive mechanism\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>Features that aids methods of dispersal<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>WIND \u2013 (i) Fruits or seeds are light. (ii) Fruits or seeds may have floss, tuff or pappus e. g. tridax, cotton, combretum etc.\n<\/li>\n<li>WATER \u2013 (i) Light fruits or seeds that can float in water (ii) Waterproof epicarp (iii) Fibrous mesocarp that can trap air to keep it afloat e. g. coconut\n<\/li>\n<li>ANIMALS AND MAN: &#8211; (i) The fruits or seeds may have hooks or hairs to attach to the animal skin (ii) The fruits are edible and the seeds indigestible e. g. pepper, desmodium\n<\/li>\n<li>EXPLOSIVE MECHANISM: &#8211; (i) Presence of one or more lines of fission or weakness e. g. cowpea, flamboyant, okro etc.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>EVALUATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Mention five importance of fruits and seeds dispersal\n<\/li>\n<li>State two features each that aids wind and water dispersal\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>GENERAL EVALUATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>What is a fruit\n<\/li>\n<li>Describe the structure of a fruit\n<\/li>\n<li>Differentiate between a simple, an aggregate and a false fruit\n<\/li>\n<li>Differentiate between a true and a false fruit\n<\/li>\n<li>Classify fruits into dehiscent and indehiscent fruit giving one example in each case\n<\/li>\n<li>Give two features each of fruits dispersed by water, wind and animals\n<\/li>\n<li>Differentiate between a drupe and a berry\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>READING ASSIGNMENT<br \/>\n<\/strong>College Biology: &#8211; Chapter 16, page 326 \u2013 336<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>A fruit that develop from the ovary and other floral parts is called a &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;- fruit A. true B. aggregate C. false D. simple\n<\/li>\n<li>A fruit that develops from an inflorescence is known as a &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211; fruit A. aggregate B. simple C. composite D. true\n<\/li>\n<li>Which of these is not a class of dry dehiscent fruits A. legumes B. follicle C. capsule D. cypsela\n<\/li>\n<li>The following except one belong to the same class of fleshy fruits A. coconut B. apple C. oil palm fruit D. mango\n<\/li>\n<li>The following are dispersed by explosive mechanism except A.tridaxB. cowpea C. flamboyant D.okro\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>THEORY<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Differentiate between a fruit and a seed\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>With the aid of labeled diagram, differentiate between a drupe and a berry\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Week SECOND TERM E-LEARNING NOTE \u00a0SUBJECT: BIOLOGY\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CLASS: SS 3 \u00a0SCHEME OF WORK \u00a0WEEK TOPIC&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,306],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts","category-second-term-ss3-biology"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3919","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3919"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3919\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3920,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3919\/revisions\/3920"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3919"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3919"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3919"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}