High density<\/strong><\/td>\n| Low density<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n \u00a0
\n\u00a0Common Metals and Non-Metals<\/strong>
\n\t\t\u00a0
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\n \n\n\n| Metals:<\/td>\n | Non-metals:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nCalcium<\/strong><\/td>\n| Sulphur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nPotassium<\/strong><\/td>\n| Oxygen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nLead<\/strong><\/td>\n| Chlorine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nCopper<\/strong><\/td>\n| Hydrogen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nAluminium<\/strong><\/td>\n| Bromine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nZinc<\/strong><\/td>\n| Nitrogen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nLithium<\/strong><\/td>\n| Helium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n \u00a0
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n Uses of metals and non-metals
\n<\/h4>\nMetals<\/em><\/strong>
\n\t\tThe uses of metals are related to their properties:<\/strong>
\n\t\tThey are made into\u00a0jewellery\u00a0due to their hard and shiny appearance.
\nThey are used to make pans, since they are good conductors of heat.
\nThey are used in electrical cables, because they are malleable, ductile and good conductors of electricity.
\nThey are strong so used to build scaffolding and bridges.
\nThey make a ringing sound, sonorous, hence their use in bell making.
\n![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/092223_1120_Jss1FirstTe1.png\")
\n\t\tNon-metals<\/em><\/strong>
\n\t\tUsed as insulating material around wire cables since they do not conduct electricity.
\nUsed to make pan handles as they are poor conductors of heat.
\nalloy of metals;
\nAlloys are metallic compounds composed of one metal and one or more metal, or non-metal, elements.
\nExamples of common alloys include:<\/p>\n\n- \n
Steel, a combination of\u00a0iron\u00a0(metal) and carbon (non-metal)\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n - \n
Bronze, a combination of\u00a0copper\u00a0(metal) and\u00a0tin\u00a0(metal) and\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n - \n
Brass, a mixture of copper (metal) and zinc (metal)\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Properties
\n<\/h3>\nIndividual pure metals may possess useful properties, such as good\u00a0electrical conductivity, high strength, and hardness, or heat and\u00a0corrosion\u00a0resistance.
\nCommercial metal alloys attempt to combine these beneficial properties in order to create a metal that is more useful for a particular application than any of its component elements.
\nThe development of steel, for example, required finding the right combination of carbon and iron (about 99% iron and 1% carbon, as it turns out) in order to produce a metal that is stronger, lighter and more workable metal than pure iron.
\nThe precise properties of new alloys are difficult to calculate because elements do not just combine to become a sum of parts, but form through chemical interactions that depend on their component parts as well as the production method. As a result, much testing is required in the development of new metal alloys.
\nOne thing that is for certain is that when metals are alloyed, the melting temperature is always affected.\u00a0Galinstan\u00ae, a low-melt alloy containing\u00a0gallium, tin, and indium, is liquid at temperatures above 2.2\u00b0F (-19\u00b0C), meaning that its melting point is 122\u00b0F (50\u00b0C) lower than pure gallium and more than 212\u00b0F (100\u00b0C) below indium and tin.
\nGalinstan\u00ae and Wood’s Metal are examples of eutectic alloys. Eutectic alloys have the lowest melting point of any alloy combination containing the same elements.<\/p>\n Composition
\n<\/h3>\nThousands of alloy compositions are in regular production, while new compositions are developed regularly.
\nAccepted standard compositions include the purity levels of constituent elements (based on weight content).
\nThe makeup, as well as mechanical and physical properties for common alloys, are monitored by international organizations such\u00a0ISO,\u00a0SAE International, and\u00a0ASTM International.<\/p>\n Production
\n<\/h3>\nSome metal alloys are naturally occurring and require little processing to be converted into industrial grade materials. Ferro-alloys such as Ferro-chromium\u00a0and Ferro-silicon, for instance, are produced by smelting mixed ores and are used in the production of various steels.
\nCommercial and trade alloys, however, generally require greater processing and are most often formed by mixing molten metals in a controlled environment. Yet, one would be mistaken in thinking that alloying metals is a simple process.
\nFor example, if one were to simply mix molten\u00a0aluminum\u00a0with molten\u00a0lead, we would find that they would separate into layers, much like oil and water. The procedure for combining molten metals, or mixing metals with non-metals, varies greatly depending on the properties of the elements required.
\nMetal elements have a great variance in their tolerance of heat and gasses. While elements like the\u00a0refractory metals\u00a0are stable at high temperatures, others begin to interact with their environment, which can affect purity levels and, ultimately, the alloy quality.
\nImportant considerations when alloying metals include the melting temperatures of component metals, impurity levels, the mixing environment and the alloying procedure.
\nIn some cases, intermediate alloys must be prepared in order to persuade elements to combine.
\nAn alloy of 95.5% aluminum and 4.5% copper is made by first preparing a 50% mixture of the two elements. This mixture has a lower melting point than either pure aluminum or pure copper and acts as a ‘hardener alloy’. This is then introduced to molten aluminum at a rate that creates the right alloy mix.
\nquestion<\/p>\n \n- \n
describe 5 properties of metal\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n - \n
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