{"id":3700,"date":"2023-10-05T18:21:54","date_gmt":"2023-10-05T18:21:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/ecole9ja\/?p=3700"},"modified":"2023-10-05T18:22:46","modified_gmt":"2023-10-05T18:22:46","slug":"week-10-ss3-first-term-chemistry-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/posts\/week-10-ss3-first-term-chemistry-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 10 – SS3 First Term Chemistry Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"

WEEK TEN<\/strong>
\n\t\tTOPIC:AMINES AND AMIDES
\n<\/strong>
\n\u00a0CONTENTS<\/strong>:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0General molecular formular\/structure, preparation, properties and uses.
\nAMINES<\/strong>:
\nIt has a functional group of NH2<\/sub>.
\nGENERAL MOLECULAR FORMULAR\/STRUCTURE:
\nIt has a general molecular formula of RNH2<\/sub> or structure of R \u2013 N \u2013 H
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
\n H
\nPREPARATION<\/strong>:
\nThey are derivatives of ammonia where one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by alkyl or aryl groups e.g. RNHz<\/sub>, R2<\/sub>NH.<\/p>\n

\u00a0CLASSIFICATION<\/strong>:
\nAmines can be classified according to alkyl group.<\/p>\n

\u00a01.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Primary amine with one alkyl group e.g. RNH2<\/sub> or
\nR \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0or\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0CH3<\/sub>
\n\t\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0H\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0N\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0H\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0H\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0N\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0H
\n2. Secondary amine with 2 alkyl groups e.g. R2<\/sub>NH or
\nR\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0CH3<\/sub>
\n\t\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0R\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0N or CH3<\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0H
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0H
\n3. Tertiary amine with 3 alkyl groups e.g. R3<\/sub>N or
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 R\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CH3<\/sub>
\n\t\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 R1<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0R11<\/sup> or CH3<\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CH3<\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Trimethyl amine
\nPHYSICAL PROPERTIES<\/strong>
\n\t\t1. They can dissolve in water.
\n2. They are gases and liquid.
\n3. They have fishy odour.<\/p>\n

\u00a0CHEMICAL PROPERTIES<\/strong>
\n\t\t1. As bases they neutralize acids.
\n2. They dissociate\/ionize in water e.g. CH3<\/sub>NH2<\/sub> + H2<\/sub>O\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0CH3<\/sub>NH3<\/sub>+<\/sup>+ OH–<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u00a0USES<\/strong>
\n\t\t1. Used in making nylon
\n2. They can also be used in making polyamide.
\nEVALUATION<\/strong>
\n\t\t1. State two (2) physical properties and two (2) chemical properties of amine.
\n2. Give the classes of amine according to the number of their alkyl groups.<\/p>\n

\u00a0AMIDES
\n<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O
\nIt has functional group of \u2013C\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0which is known as carbonamide group.
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 NH2<\/sub>
\n\t\tSTRUCTURE<\/strong>:
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0H O
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0CH3<\/sub> C or H\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C C
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 NH2<\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0H N H
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H<\/p>\n

\u00a0PREPARATION
\n<\/strong>–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Amide e.g. ethanmide can be derived from ethanoic acid in the presence of ammonia.
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0OOO
\n\"\"\/CH3<\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C + NH3<\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C + H2<\/sub>O CH3 \u2013 C + NH3<\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0CH3<\/sub> C +H2<\/sub>O
\nOH NH2<\/sub>
\n\t\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 OH\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 NH2<\/sub>
\n\t\t\"\"\/– Amide is commonly prepared by reacting esters with concentrated aqueous ammonia.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0E.gCH3<\/sub>COOC2<\/sub>H5<\/sub> + NH3<\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ethanamide CH3<\/sub>CONH2<\/sub> + C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>OH
\n-They can also be prepared by removing a molecule of water from ammonium salt of carboxylic x acids.
\n\"\"\/\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0e.g. CH3<\/sub>COONH4 <\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CH3<\/sub>CONH2<\/sub> + H2<\/sub>O<\/p>\n

\u00a0PHYSICAL PROPERTIES<\/strong>:
\n1. Only methanamide is a liquid while others are solid.
\n2. They have high melting point and high boiling point.<\/p>\n

\u00a0CHEMICAL PROPERTIES<\/strong>:
\n1. Amide can be hydrolysed in the presence of alkali and mineral acid e.g.
\nCH3<\/sub>CONH2<\/sub> + H2<\/sub>O\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CH3<\/sub>COOH + NH3<\/sub>
\n\t\t2.\u00a0In the presence of sodium hydroxide and bromine, amides produce amines with elimination of one \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0carbonyl group.
\ne.g.CH3<\/sub>CONH2<\/sub> + Br2<\/sub> + 4NaOH\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CH3<\/sub>NH2<\/sub> + 2NaBr + Na2<\/sub>CO3<\/sub> + 2H2<\/sub>O
\nUSES<\/strong>:
\n1.\u00a0Used in the preparation of amines.
\n2.\u00a0Used in making synthetic resins and plastics.
\n3.\u00a0It can also be used in making fertilizer.
\nCARBAMIDE\/UREA
\n<\/strong>This is an amide of hydrogen trioxo carbonate (IV) acid. It is produced by compressing CO2<\/sub> and NH3<\/sub> at high pressure at 2000<\/sup>C.
\nH2<\/sub>CO3<\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0CO(NH2<\/sub>)2<\/sub><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0OH\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0NHz<\/sub><\/p>\n

\u00a0 O\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0O C<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 OH\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0NHz<\/sub>
\n\t\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Carbonamide\/urea<\/p>\n

\u00a0N.B.:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Urea is produced in our body and excreted in the urine.<\/p>\n

\u00a0EVALUATION<\/strong>
\n\t\t1.\u00a0Write the structural formula of amide.
\n2.\u00a0Give one different between amine and amide.<\/p>\n

\u00a0READING ASSIGNMENT
\n<\/strong>New School Chemistry by O.Y. Ababio pages 520-521<\/p>\n

\u00a0WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
\n<\/strong>1.Tertiary amine is represented as follow
\n A. R2<\/sub>NH2<\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0B. (CH3<\/sub>)2<\/sub>NH\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C.R2<\/sub>NH3<\/sub> D. R2<\/sub>N
\n2.Which of the following has fishy odour
\nA. alkanoic acid B. alkanol\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C. amide D. amine
\n3.Amide can be regarded as derivatives of \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026
\nA. alkanol B. policarboxylic acid C. monocarboxylic acid D. carbonxamide group
\n4.During the hydrolysis of amides, one of the following is produced.
\nA. monocarboxylic acids B. water C. H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> D.NaOH
\n5. Carbamide is an example of
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0A. amine B. alkane\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C. alkyl D. amide\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0THEORY<\/strong>
\n\t\t1(a).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0State two (2) physical properties of amide.
\n \u00a0(b).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0How would you prepare ethanamide from an ester.
\n2(a).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0State two (2) chemical properties of amide.
\n (b).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0How would you identify an example of amine in the laboratory.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

WEEK TEN TOPIC:AMINES AND AMIDES \u00a0CONTENTS:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0General molecular formular\/structure, preparation, properties and uses. AMINES: It has…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,288],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3700","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts","category-first-term-ss3-chemistry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3700","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3700"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3700\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3701,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3700\/revisions\/3701"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3700"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3700"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3700"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}