{"id":3688,"date":"2023-10-05T18:19:10","date_gmt":"2023-10-05T18:19:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/ecole9ja\/?p=3688"},"modified":"2023-10-05T18:22:47","modified_gmt":"2023-10-05T18:22:47","slug":"week-4-ss3-first-term-chemistry-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/posts\/week-4-ss3-first-term-chemistry-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 4 – SS3 First Term Chemistry Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"

WEEK FOUR
\n<\/strong>TOPIC: AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
\n<\/strong>
\n\u00a0CONTENT
\n<\/strong>Benzene, structure, properties and Uses
\nDerivative of Benzene
\nAromatic Hydrocarbons
\nThese are hydrocarbons that have the same structure as benzene.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Benzene: Benzene is a typical aromatic compound with molecular formula of C6<\/sub>H6<\/sub>. It has the structure of:
\nPreparation:-
\n<\/strong>1. From coal tar: The destructive distillation of coal produced coal tar which contain \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0benzene
\n2. From petreoleum; The dehydrogenated of alkane using valladim (v) oxide (v2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>) as \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0catalyst at 500o<\/sup>C and 20 atmos give benzene
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C6<\/sub>H14 <\/sub> V2<\/sub>O2<\/sub>C6<\/sub>H6<\/sub> + 4H2<\/sub>
\n\t\t\"\"\/ The process is known as catalysticreforming .
\n3. From polymerization of ethyne
\n\"\"\/\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a03 ( H \u2013 C = C \u2013 H ) C6<\/sub>H6<\/sub><\/p>\n

\u00a0Evaluation
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Describe three (3) ways of preparing benzene.\n<\/li>\n
  2. Draw the structure of benzene.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00a0Physical properties<\/strong>
    \n\t\t1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It has a pleasant odour.
    \n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It has boiling point of 80o<\/sup>C.
    \n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Benzene can dissolve in water.
    \n4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It burns with sooty flame.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0Chemical Properties
    \n<\/strong>Benzene can undergo both additional reaction and substitutional reaction.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Additional Reaction.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      i. Hydrogenaton: Benzene reduces to cyclo-hexane if hydrogen gas is passed through \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0finely divided mickel at 150o<\/sup>C.
      \n ii. Halogenation: In the presence of ultra-violet light, benzene reacts with halogen to \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0produce cyclic compound.
      \n\"\"\/\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C6<\/sub>H6<\/sub> + 3 Cl2<\/sub> UV
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Light
      \n2. Substitution Reaction<\/strong>.
      \nNB. Benzene undergoes substitution reaction due to the presence of its single bonds.
      \ni. Halogenation e.g Cl2<\/sub>, Br2<\/sub>, I2<\/sub><\/p>\n

      \u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0\"\"\/\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0+ Br2<\/sub><\/p>\n

      \u00a0 Benzene\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Bromobenzene
      \nii. Nitration: This occurs in the mixture of HNO3<\/sub> and H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> together with benzene<\/p>\n

      \u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0\"\"\/\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0HNO3 <\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nitrobenzene.
      \niii. Sulphonation:- Benzene reacts with conc, H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> to form benzene sulphonic acid.<\/p>\n

      \u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0iv. Alkylation:- It involves reactions of benzene with halo-alkanes in the presence of AlCl3<\/sub>.<\/p>\n

      \u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0Uses.
      \n1. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It is used as a solvent to dissolve organic.
      \n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It is used as fuel in petrol.
      \n3. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It is used in the manufacture of aromatic compound e.g. benzoic acid.<\/p>\n

      \u00a0Evaluation
      \n<\/strong>1. State two (2) uses of benzene
      \n2. Identify two (2) chemical properties of benzene with examples.
      \nDerivatives of Benzene
      \n<\/strong>
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0 Methyl benzene\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ethyl benzene
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(toluene) <\/p>\n

      \u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a01,2- dimethyl benzene\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a01,4- dimethyl benzene<\/p>\n

      \u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0Phenol\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Nitrobenzene\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Chlorobenzene<\/p>\n

      \u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0Napthalene
      \n(C10<\/sub>H8<\/sub>)<\/p>\n

      \u00a0Evaluation
      \n<\/strong>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Give another name to the following compounds
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(a ) Phenol\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(b) Toluene\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n2. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0State four (4) derivatives of benzene.<\/p>\n

      \u00a0READING ASSIGNMENT<\/strong>
      \n\t\tNew School Chemistry By .O.Y. Ababio, pg 492-494.<\/p>\n

      \u00a0WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
      \n<\/strong>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Which of the following is the structure of benzene<\/p>\n

      \u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a0
      \n\u00a02.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Benzene can be prepared from the following except
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(a) Coal tar\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(b) petroleum\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0( c) Alkanol\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(d) Ethyne
      \n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Benzene can undergo additional reaction due to presence of
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(a) double bonds\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(b) single bonds\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0( c) hydrogen ( d) carbon.
      \n4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Benzene undergoes the following reaction except.
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(a) substitution\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(b) addiction\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0( c) Hydrogenation ( d) polymerization
      \n5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The technique used in separating a mixture of common salt and water is
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(a) evaporation\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(b) sublimation\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(c) decantation (d) chromatography.<\/p>\n

      \u00a0Theory
      \n<\/strong>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0a. State two (2) uses of Benzene
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0b. identify two (2) physical properties of benzene.
      \n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0a. How would you prepare benzene?
      \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0b. State two (2) chemical properties of benzene.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      WEEK FOUR TOPIC: AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS \u00a0CONTENT Benzene, structure, properties and Uses Derivative of Benzene Aromatic…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,288],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts","category-first-term-ss3-chemistry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3688","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3688"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3688\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3689,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3688\/revisions\/3689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3688"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3688"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3688"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}