{"id":3491,"date":"2023-10-05T10:49:35","date_gmt":"2023-10-05T10:49:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/ecole9ja\/?p=3491"},"modified":"2023-10-05T10:55:14","modified_gmt":"2023-10-05T10:55:14","slug":"week-8-ss2-third-term-geography-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/posts\/week-8-ss2-third-term-geography-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 8 – SS2 Third Term Geography Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"

WEEK EIGHT
\n<\/strong>IRRIGATION AGRICULTURE IN THE NILE AND NIGER BASIN
\n<\/strong>Irrigation agriculture is the type of agriculture which involves the artificial application of water to soil or land for farming purposes. Irrigation is practiced in areas where rainfall is insufficient like Egypt and Sudan in the Nile Basin (using River Nile) and Mali and Northern Nigeria in the Niger Basin using River Niger.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Irrigation makes farming possible throughout the year. River Nile is so important to Egypt hence the popular saying “No Nile, No Egypt”.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Needs for Irrigation
\n<\/strong>(i)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Rainfall is low and unreliable in both Nile and Niger basins.
\n(ii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Both areas are dry and arid.
\n(iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0High rate of evaporation in the areas.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Factors that favour irrigation agriculture
\n<\/strong>(i)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Presence of rivers like River Nile and Niger.
\n(ii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Presence of fertile alluvial soils.
\n(iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Incidence of low rainfall.
\n(iv)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Incidence of high rate of evaporation.
\n(v)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The need to control flooding.
\n(vi)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Resourcefulness of the people.
\n(vii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Presence of large population.
\n(viii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The quest to increase food production.<\/p>\n

\u00a0EVALUATION
\n<\/strong>(i)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0What is irrigation?
\n(ii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Mention two reasons for irrigation Agriculture.
\n(iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Outline any four (4) factors that can favour irrigation agriculture.<\/p>\n

\u00a0IMPORTANCE OF IRRIGATION
\n<\/strong>(i)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It makes farmers to be less dependent on rainfall.
\n(ii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It makes early planting possible.
\n(iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It enables farmers to cultivate one crop twice or thrice on the same piece of land in a year.
\n(iv)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It increases the yield of crops.
\n(v)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It helps to reduce salt concentration in the soil.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Areas Covered by Irrigation
\n<\/strong>Irrigation agriculture is practiced in areas such as:
\n(a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0In the Nile Basin
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(i)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The Nile Delta \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
\n(ii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The Nile Valley\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n
    The Geizira plain or the managil extension\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    The Lakeshores\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    Aswan (Egypt)\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    Khasimel Girba (Egypt)\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    Sennar and Kenena regions of Sudan\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    (b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0In the Niger Basin
    \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(i)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Inland Niger Delta in Mali
    \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(ii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The Niger Valley<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n
      The Lakeshores e.g. Kainji Lake\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u00a0Similarities between the Nile and Niger irrigation practices:
      \n<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n
        Both irrigation practices depend on large dams.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        Both practices are perennial in nature.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      3. \n
        Both use carnal to channel their waters.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      4. \n
        Manual method is used in both areas.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      5. \n
        They both grow food crops e.g. cereal and vegetations \/cash crops e.g. cotton & sugar.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      6. \n
        Both have small and large farms.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      7. \n
        Both could be owned by both government and individuals.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u00a0Reasons why irrigation is more important in the Nile Basin than in the Niger Basin
        \n<\/strong>(1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The Nile Basin (especially in Egypt) occupies more desert area than the Niger basin.
        \n(2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0There are richer alluvial plains in the Nile than in the Niger Basin.
        \n(3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0There is higher population in the Nile basin than in the Niger basin (This leads to greater demand for food production).
        \n(4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The Nile basin is used for more cash crop (e.g. cotton) production.<\/p>\n

        \u00a0EVALUATION QUESTIONS
        \n<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n
          Mention any two areas in the Nile basin where irrigation is practised.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          Mention any two similarities and two differences between irrigation practiced in both Nile and Niger basins.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u00a0CROPS CULTIVATED
          \n<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \n
            In the Nile Basin<\/strong>: Crops cultivated include cotton, sugar cane, millet, wheat, maize and rice.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
          2. \n
            In the Niger Basin<\/strong>: Crops cultivated include groundnut, maize, guinea-corn, onions, sugar cane and rice.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u00a0Methods of Irrigation in use
            \n<\/strong>The methods employed in both Nile and Niger Basins are the same. They include:
            \n(i)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Basin irrigation method:
            \nThis occurs during the annual flooding of rivers which occurs between August and October as a result of the heavy summer rain. As the river overflows its banks basins are created on the farmland to trap the waters and soak the farmland, to form alluminium. The method is ancient and almost obsolete because, it delays the farming process.
            \n(ii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Shaduf Irrigation: This involves a hand operated lever lifting brickets of water from the river to the narrow channels running along ridges or patches of irrigation.
            \n(iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Sakia Irrigation: This is the use of animals such as oxen, donkeys, Buffalo or camels to bear containers around the body to deposit water to nearby farms.
            \n(iv)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The use of pumps: It involves the use of generators or pumping machines to get water out of the rivers or wells to farmland. This sometimes is also referred to as “Sprinkler irrigation”.
            \n(v)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Manual methods: This is the method where the local formers use buckets and other water containers to fetch water from the river and pour them on farmland.
            \n(vi)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Perennial method: This involves the use of dams, barrages and canals to store water and the water is released to farmlands during farming season. It promotes the growth of crop al year
            \nround.<\/p>\n

            \u00a0Problems of Irrigation
            \n<\/strong>Some of the problems associated with irrigation include:
            \n(1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Fluctuation in the volume of water in rivers can result to low yield of crops.
            \n(2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Irrigation equipment are expensive to purchase.
            \n(3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The construction of dams has led to the displacement of people from their original home lands.
            \n(4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Irrigation scheme requires high \u2013 technical know-how.
            \n(5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Most dams may collapse.
            \n(6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0These is the problem of silting of dams.
            \n(7)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Disaster can occur as a result of flooding.<\/p>\n

            \u00a0EVALUATION questions
            \n<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \n
              Mention any two methods of irrigation and briefly explain any one of them.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
            2. \n
              Mention any four problems of irrigation.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
            3. \n
              Name any two crops that are cultivated both in the Nile and Niger basins.\n<\/div>\n

              \u00a0GENERAL EVALUATION QUESTIONS
              \n<\/strong><\/li>\n

            4. \n
              Mention any two methods of irrigation and briefly explain any one of them.
              \n\t\t\t\t<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
            5. \n
              Mention any four (4) problems of irrigation.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
            6. \n
              Name any two crops that are cultivated both in the Nile and Niger basins.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
            7. \n
              Outline three reasons why irrigation is more important in the Nile Basin them the Niger basin.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
            8. \n
              Describe any two methods of irrigation practices in the Nile or Niger basin.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u00a0READING ASSIGNMENT<\/strong>
              \n\tEssential Geography, O.A. Iwena Pages 493-495.<\/p>\n

              \u00a0WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
              \n<\/strong>(1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The Nile Basin depends on River _______ for irrigation? (a) Nile (b) Benue (c) Niger
              \n(2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Irrigation is practiced because ____ (a) Rainfall is in abundance\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (b) Rainfall is scarce (c) the grass are scarce
              \n(3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0One areas of irrigation in the Niger Basin is ____ (a) Mali (b) Egypt (c) Sudan
              \n(4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Irrigation makes food ____ (a) Scarce\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(b) Plenty (c) costly
              \n(5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Irrigation in Egypt and Sudan is popular because the countries are located in \u2026\u2026\u2026..
              \n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(a) the forest regions\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (b) the mediterranean regions (c) the desert regions<\/p>\n

              \u00a0THEORY
              \n<\/strong>(1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0What is irrigation? Give three reasons why it is practiced in the Nile valley.
              \n(2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Outline five (5) factors that favour irrigation agriculture.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              WEEK EIGHT IRRIGATION AGRICULTURE IN THE NILE AND NIGER BASIN Irrigation agriculture is the type…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,276],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts","category-third-term-ss2-geography"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3491"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3491\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3492,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3491\/revisions\/3492"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}