{"id":3341,"date":"2023-10-05T06:32:17","date_gmt":"2023-10-05T06:32:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/ecole9ja\/?p=3341"},"modified":"2023-10-05T07:27:34","modified_gmt":"2023-10-05T07:27:34","slug":"week-5-ss2-third-term-biology-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/posts\/week-5-ss2-third-term-biology-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 5 &#8211; SS2 Third Term Biology Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0<strong>WEEK FIVE<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN PLANTS<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>CONTENT<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Structures and Functions of the Reproductive Organs in Plants\n<\/li>\n<li>Arrangement of  Reproductive Organs in Plants\n<\/li>\n<li>Types of Flowers\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\n<\/li>\n<li>Kinds of Placentations\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS IN PLANTS<br \/>\n<\/strong>The flower is the reproductive structure of a flowering plant. It has both male and female sex organs hence it can carry out sexual reproduction. After fertilization has taken place in flowers, seeds are produced.<br \/>\nA flower has two major parts: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The floral part (whorls)\n<\/li>\n<li>The flower stalk (pedicel).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The floral part of the flower is formed by<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>calyx (sepals)\n<\/li>\n<li>corolla (petals)\n<\/li>\n<li>androecium (stamens)\n<\/li>\n<li>gynoecium (carpels)\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100523_0633_Week5SS2Th1.png\" alt=\"\"\/><strong><br \/>\n\t\t<\/strong><br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<strong>PARTS OF A TYPICAL FLOWER<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>THE CALYX<br \/>\n<\/strong>The <strong>calyx<\/strong> consists of sepals which are usually small and green. They protect the flower present in the bud.  Sepals are usually up to 3-5 in numbers and they may be separated (polysepalous) or joined to form a cup (gamosepalous). Epicalyx may be present e.g in hibiscus flower. <\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>THE COROLLA<br \/>\n<\/strong>The <strong>corolla<\/strong> consists of petals inside the sepals. Petals are the attractive part of the flower and could be up to 4-10 and may be separated (polypetalous) or joined to form a tube (gamopetalous). They are generally coloured and scented to attract pollinators (e.g insects)<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>THE ANDROECIUM<br \/>\n<\/strong>The a<strong>ndroecium <\/strong>is the male reproductive organs of a flower. It is a group of stamens which consist of two parts \u2013the filament and anthers. Stamens could be up to 3 or more (free or joined together).The anther is a 2-4 lobed structure producing the pollen grains (fine yellowish particles) which in turn produce the male gamete in flowers. At maturity, the anther lobes open to release the pollen grains.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>THE GYNOECIUM<br \/>\n<\/strong>Th<strong>e gynoecium <\/strong>is the female reproductive organ of a flower. It is the inner most floral part of the flower. Gynoecium consists of carpels which may be one or many. Carpels may be separate <strong>(monocarpous)<\/strong>e.g flamboyant or may be fused (<strong>polycarpous<\/strong>) e.g. hibiscus. A Pistil or carpel consists of three parts, they areovary, style and stigma.<br \/>\nThe ovary contains ovule which produces the female gamete.  After fertilization, the ovary develops into fruit while the ovule develops into seed.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>TYPES OF OVARY<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Superior Ovary- when it is above other floral parts and such flower is called hypogynous flower e.g. hibiscus\n<\/li>\n<li>Inferior Ovary- when it is below other floral parts such flower is referred to as epigynous flower e.g. sunflower.\n<\/li>\n<li>Half inferior Ovary- when the ovary is at the same level with other floral parts, such is called perigynous ovary e.g. rose flower.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>EVALUATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Describe the male reproductive parts of a flowering plant.\n<\/li>\n<li>Explain the different types of ovary.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>TYPES OF FLOWER<br \/>\n<\/strong>Generally, flowers defer in the following <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>number of floral parts\n<\/li>\n<li>colour of petals\n<\/li>\n<li>size and shape\n<\/li>\n<li>symmetry\n<\/li>\n<li>Flowers can be radially symmetrical\/regular (actinomorphic) or irregular (zygomorphic).\n<\/li>\n<li>A complete or perfect flower, when all the four floral parts are present,   or imperfect or incomplete flower if one or more of the floral parts are absent.\n<\/li>\n<li>Position of the ovary (hypogynous, epigynous or perigynous flowers).\n<\/li>\n<li>If flowers occur singly (solitary flower) or in group (inflorescence).\n<\/li>\n<li>If flowers are born in axils of leaves (axillary) or at the end of the stem or branches (terminal flowers).\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>EVALUATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Classify flowers based on a) number of floral parts b) position of the ovary\n<\/li>\n<li>List the factors to consider when classifying flowers.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>SEXES IN PLANTS<br \/>\n<\/strong>Most flowers are bisexual i.e. they have both stamens and carpels while a few are unisexual (either male or female). Therefore, a plant can be <strong>monoecious<\/strong> (when both male and female flower occur on the same plant e. g. maize or <strong>dioecious<\/strong> (when male and female flower are found on different plant e. g. pawpaw.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>PLACENTATION<br \/>\n<\/strong>This is defined as the arrangement of the ovules within the ovary of a flower. The ovules are attached to the ovary by fleshy structures called placenta through short stalks called funicles.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>TYPES OF PLACENTATION;<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Marginal placentation<\/strong>:  Ovule are arranged at the margin of the ovaries e.g. beans, flamboyant flowers\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Parietal placentation: <\/strong> Ovules are arranged to the side of the ovary or within a single chamber or cavity e.g. pawpaw.\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Free central placentation:<\/strong> Ovules are born on a knob projecting from the base of the ovary e. g. water lily.\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Axile placentation<\/strong>: Carpels meet at the centre to form the placenta for attachment of ovules e.g. tomatoes\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Basal placentation:<\/strong> Ovules are attached to the base of ovule e. g. sunflower.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>GENERAL EVALUATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>With a well labeled diagram   describe the structural make up of a flower.\n<\/li>\n<li>With an example each state and explain the types of ovary.\n<\/li>\n<li>List the four floral parts of a flower and their functions.\n<\/li>\n<li>Classify flower based on sexes.\n<\/li>\n<li>What is placentation?\n<\/li>\n<li>Describe five types of placentation and give one example in each case.  <strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\n\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>READNG ASSIGNMENT<br \/>\n<\/strong>College Biology, chapter 16, pages 305-324<strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n\u00a0<strong>WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>SECTION A<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The reproduction structural part of the flower include the following except A. corolla B. androecium C. gynoecium D. stigma\n<\/li>\n<li> A flower having both male and female flowers on the same plant is referred to as  A. monoecious flower  B. dioecious flower C. hypogynous flower D. axillary flower.\n<\/li>\n<li>An example of flower possessing half inferior ovary is A. hibiscus B. sun flower C. rose flower D. flamboyant\n<\/li>\n<li>The arrangement of ovules in the ovaries is referred to as A. pollination B. placentation C. fertilization D. solitary\n<\/li>\n<li>An example of axile placentation is found in   A. sunflower B. lily C. pawpaw D. tomato\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>SECTION B<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>With the aid of diagrams, distinguish between a monocarpous ovary and a syncarpous ovary.\n<\/li>\n<li>Describe five types of placentation and give one example in each case.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n\t\t<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0WEEK FIVE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN PLANTS CONTENT Structures and Functions of the Reproductive Organs in&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,267],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3341","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts","category-third-term-ss2-biology"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3341","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3341"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3341\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3343,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3341\/revisions\/3343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3341"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3341"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3341"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}