{"id":3339,"date":"2023-10-05T06:31:46","date_gmt":"2023-10-05T06:31:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/ecole9ja\/?p=3339"},"modified":"2023-10-05T07:27:34","modified_gmt":"2023-10-05T07:27:34","slug":"week-3-and-4-ss2-third-term-biology-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/posts\/week-3-and-4-ss2-third-term-biology-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 3 and 4 &#8211; SS2 Third Term Biology Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0<strong>WEEK THREE AND FOUR<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>CONTENT<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>Structures and Functions of the Reproductive System (Male and Female)\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Structure of the Gametes (Sperm and Ovum)\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Differences Between Male and Female Reproductive Organs\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM<br \/>\n<\/strong>Most multicellular animals and plants undergo a complex form of sexual reproduction in which especially differentiated male and female reproductive cells (gametes) unite to form a single cell, known as a zygote, which later undergoes successive divisions to form a new organism. The process takes place with the help of the system known as the reproductive system. This system can be divided into <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>male reproductive system and\n<\/li>\n<li>female reproductive system. <strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>STRUCURES AND FUNCIONS OF MALE REPODUCION SYSTEM IN MAMMALS<br \/>\n<\/strong><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100523_0631_Week3and41.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><strong><br \/>\n\t\t<\/strong><br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>  STRUCTURE<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>DESCRIPTION<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>FUNCTIONS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  Testis<\/td>\n<td>Oval shaped, found in scrotal sacs in pairs outside the body to enjoy cooler temperature.<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>production of sperms\n<\/li>\n<li>production of male sex hormones (testosterone)\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>development of secondary sexual character in male\n<\/div>\n<p>.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Seminiferous  tubules<\/td>\n<td>Found within the testis, composed of a mass of sperm producing tubes.<\/td>\n<td>Site of sperm production\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  Epididymis<\/td>\n<td>Found outside the testis as a long coiled tube.<\/td>\n<td>Collect and stores sperm temporary till maturity.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  Vas deferens<br \/>\n  (sperm duct)<\/td>\n<td>A narrow tube which leads from epididymis to the seminal vesicles. <\/td>\n<td>Conduction of sperm from epididymis to seminal vesicle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>  Seminal vesicle<\/td>\n<td>A small sac at the back of vas deferens.<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Stores sperm till ejaculation.\n<\/li>\n<li>Secretes part of the seminal fluid.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>NOTE; Seminal fluid contains fructose  which provides energy for the sperms.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Prostrate gland<\/td>\n<td>Connected to the urethra through many tubules<\/td>\n<td>Secretion of seminal fluid.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>   Cowper&#8217;s gland<\/td>\n<td>Located very close to the prostrate gland.<\/td>\n<td>Secretes a part of the seminal fluid which raises the acidic ph of the female reproductive medium which otherwise can kill the sperm.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>    Urethra<\/td>\n<td>A narrow tube which passes through the penis.<\/td>\n<td>Aids the passage of sperm into the vagina of the female animal and also passage of urine out of the body hence it is called urinogenital opening.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>      Penis<\/td>\n<td>Contains tissues which makes it turgid (erect when filled) with blood<\/td>\n<td>Helps to introduce sperm into the vagina of the female animal and also passage of urine.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>EVALUATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Outline five structural parts of the male reproductive system and their functions\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Why is urethra aurinogenitalopenining?\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM<br \/>\n<\/strong><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100523_0631_Week3and42.gif\" alt=\"\"\/><strong><br \/>\n\t\t<\/strong><br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td><strong>STRUCTURE<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>DESCRIPTION<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>FUNCTION(S)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>Ovaries<\/td>\n<td>Found on each side of the vertebra column (two in every woman)<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; Produce eggs (ova)<br \/>\n&#8211; produces female sex hormone (oestrogen and progesterone)<br \/>\n&#8211; Development of secondary sexual characters in female. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>Oviduct<br \/>\n(fallopian tube)<\/td>\n<td>A long narrow tube funnel opening which receives eggs released by the ovary and it is a linkage between ovary and uterus.<\/td>\n<td>-Fertilization takes place in the oviduct<br \/>\n&#8211; Allows the passage of egg from ovary to the uterus\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3. <\/td>\n<td>Uterus<\/td>\n<td>A muscular organ which is a cavity for development of the zygote into a baby.<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; Site of embryo development from implantation till birth\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4. <\/td>\n<td>Vagina<\/td>\n<td>A muscular tube leading from the uterus to the outside of the body.<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; It receives sperms from penis during intercourse<br \/>\n-Allows the passage of foetus during birth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>Cervix <\/td>\n<td>A ring of muscles with tiny opening that closes the lower end of the uterus where it joins the vagina.<\/td>\n<td>-Controls the opening and closing of  the vagina especially during birth.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>Vulva<\/td>\n<td>Refers to all external parts of the female reproductive organ<\/td>\n<td>&#8211; Allows the passage of the penis into the vagina during intercourse.<br \/>\n&#8211; permits passage of foetus during birth.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>Clitoris <\/td>\n<td>A small sensitive organ which correspond to the male penis. It is erectile and becomes stiff when stimulated due to blood inflow<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>Helps to stimulate female during sexual intercourse(experience  orgasm)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00a0EVALUATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>State five structural differences between male reproductive system and female reproductive system.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Describe the organs in the female reproductive system.\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>STRUCTURE OF MAMMALIAN GAMETES<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>GAMETE<br \/>\n<\/strong>Gamete is a mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosome. It can be male or female gamete. They are formed in the gonads (testis on ovaries) through a process called gametogenesis.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>MALE GAMETE<br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100523_0631_Week3and43.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<strong>A SPERM<br \/>\n<\/strong>This is called sperm (or spermatozoa) and produced in the male gonads (testis) by a process called <strong>spermatogenesis.<\/strong> It is microscopic and unicellular in nature. Usually smaller and more elongated than the egg; about 0.05 mm (0.005 cm) long.<br \/>\n<strong>Spermatozoon<\/strong> consists of the following parts:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Acrosome<\/strong>: It can be found at the upper part of the head, containing lytic enzymes used to dissolve egg membrane to enhance penetration during fertilization.\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Middle piece<\/strong>: It contains mitochondria for the generation of energy used by the sperm for swimming towards the egg.\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Flagellum<\/strong>: The long whip-like tail for propelling the sperm cell\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>Nucleus<\/strong>: It can be found in the head of the sperm cell containing genetic materials (DNA-deoxyribonucleic acid) which fuses with the nucleus of the ovum at\n<\/div>\n<p>fertilization.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>FEMALE GAMETE<br \/>\n<\/strong><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100523_0631_Week3and44.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<strong>THE OVUM<br \/>\n<\/strong>This is called egg (ovum) and is produced in the female gonad (ovary) by a process called oogenesis. This is larger than sperm, about 0.1mm in diameter.<br \/>\nEach ovum is made up of the following<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cytoplasm\n<\/li>\n<li>A central Nucleus: It contains the chromosomes which carry the genes.\n<\/li>\n<li>Granules and yolk droplets: A source of nourishment for the embryo at the early stage of development.\n<\/li>\n<li>Plasma membrane:  It surrounds the cytoplasm.\n<\/li>\n<li>Outer vitelline membrane and jelly coat of glycoprotein.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>: The nuclei of the sperm and ovum contains chromosome which carries the gene that are responsible for transmission of characters from parents to offspring.<br \/>\n<strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>GENERAL EVALUATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>What is reproduction?\n<\/li>\n<li>Draw a well labeled diagram of the male reproductive organ in mammals.\n<\/li>\n<li>List five structural parts of the female reproductive organ in mammals and state their functions.\n<\/li>\n<li>State five distinct differences between the male and female reproductive organs in mammals\n<\/li>\n<li>Differentiate between the male and the female gametes in mammals.<strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>READNG ASSIGNMENT<br \/>\n<\/strong>College Biology, chapter 16, pages 292-324<strong><br \/>\n\t\t<\/strong><br \/>\n\u00a0<strong>WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>SECTION A<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The following are female sex hormone except A. oestrogen B. progesterone C. testosterone D. oxytocin\n<\/li>\n<li>The site of production of sperm is A. epididymis B. seminiferous tubules C. seminal vesicle D. penis\n<\/li>\n<li>Fertilization takes piece in the A. uterus B. vagina C. oviduct D. vulva\n<\/li>\n<li>____ parts of the male gamete dissolve the egg membrane to enhance penetration A. nucleus B. acrosome C. flagellum D. vitelline membrane\n<\/li>\n<li>The process by which the male and the female gamete are formed in the gonads is referred to as  ____ and _____\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>SECTION B<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Draw a well labeled diagram of the sperm cell and state the functions of the labeled parts.\n<\/li>\n<li>Differentiate between sexual and asexual reproduction\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0WEEK THREE AND FOUR MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES CONTENT Structures and Functions of the&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,267],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3339","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts","category-third-term-ss2-biology"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3339","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3339"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3339\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3340,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3339\/revisions\/3340"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3339"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3339"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}