{"id":3309,"date":"2023-10-04T14:07:23","date_gmt":"2023-10-04T14:07:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/ecole9ja\/?p=3309"},"modified":"2023-10-04T14:10:36","modified_gmt":"2023-10-04T14:10:36","slug":"week-7-ss2-second-term-physics-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/posts\/week-7-ss2-second-term-physics-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 7 &#8211; SS2 Second Term Physics Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0<strong>WEEK SEVEN<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>GAS LAWS<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Boyle&#8217;s Law\n<\/li>\n<li>Charles&#8217; Law\n<\/li>\n<li>Pressure Law\n<\/li>\n<li>General gas Law\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In an attempt to study the behavior of gases in relation to volume, temperature and pressure, the following conditions are investigated<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>variation of volume with pressure at constant temperature, Boyle&#8217;s law <\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>variation  of volume with temperature at constant pressure, Charles law\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>variation of pressure with temperature at constant volume, pressure law\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Boyle&#8217;s Law<br \/>\n<\/strong>Boyle&#8217;s law states that the pressure of a fixed mass of gas varies inversely as the volume at constant temperature.<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0&#8212;1<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0&#8212;2<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0&#8212;3<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0&#8212;4<br \/>\n<strong>Charles&#8217; Law<br \/>\n<\/strong>Charles law states that for a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, the volume is proportional to its absolute temperature<strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0&#8212;5<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0&#8212;6<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0&#8212;7<br \/>\n<strong>Pressure Law<br \/>\n<\/strong>Pressure law states that the pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume is proportional to its absolute temperature.<strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0&#8212;8<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0&#8212;9<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>Absolute Zero of Temperature<\/strong><br \/>\n\t\tWhen the graphs of volume \u2013 temperature or pressure \u2013 temperature are extrapolated backwards they cut the temperature axis at -273<sup>0<\/sup>C.  This temperature is called absolute zero, the temperature at which the volume of the gas theoretically becomes zero as it is being cooled. At his temperature, molecules of gas stop moving completely. This temperature is a mere assumption, as gases are known to liquefy more often than not before such a temperature is reached.<br \/>\n<strong>General gas Law<br \/>\n<\/strong>The general gas law is the combination of the Boyle&#8217;s, Charles and Pressure Law.<strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong>It follows that<br \/>\nFrom Boyle&#8217;s law    <\/p>\n<p>\t\tFrom Charles&#8217; law<\/p>\n<p>\t\tFrom Gay-Lussac&#8217;s or Pressure law<\/p>\n<p>\t\tIn combination, we have<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0&#8212;11<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0&#8212;12<br \/>\nEquation 12 is known as general gas law or relation. This can be written in the form:<br \/>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0&#8212;13<br \/>\nWhere: n=number of moles of gas<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0R=the universal molar gas constant = 8.31JK<sup>-1<\/sup><br \/>\n\t\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\n<strong>CLASSWORK 7<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>State these laws and write its mathematical expression\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Charles&#8217; law\n<\/li>\n<li>Boyle&#8217;s law\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>A vessel is filled with a gas at a temperature 50<sup>0<\/sup>C and a pressure of 76cmHg. Calculate the final pressure if the volume of the gas is doubled while it is heated to 90<sup>0<\/sup>C\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>ASSIGNMENT 7<br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n\u00a0<strong>SECTION A<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The equation P<sup>x<\/sup>V<sup>y<\/sup>T<sup>z<\/sup> = constant is Boyle&#8217;s law if (a) x=0, y=0, z=1 (b) x=1, y=0, z=0 (c) x=1, y=1, z=0 (d) x=1, y=1, z=1 (e) x=1, y=1, z=-1\n<\/li>\n<li>A column of air 10cm long is trapped in a tube at 27<sup>0<\/sup>C. What is the length of the volume at 100<sup>0<\/sup>C? (a) 12.4cm (b) 13.7cm (c) 18.5cm (d) 37.0cm (e) 100cm\n<\/li>\n<li>The volume of certain quantity of gas at 27<sup>0<\/sup>C is 1200cm<sup>3<\/sup>. Calculate its volume at 127<sup>0<\/sup>C if the pressure remains constant.  (a) 300cm<sup>3<\/sup> (b) 400cm<sup>3<\/sup> (c) 1000cm<sup>3<\/sup> (d) 1600cm<sup>3<\/sup> (e) 250cm<sup>3<\/sup>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>A fixed mass of gas of volume 600cm<sup>3<\/sup> at a temperature of 27<sup>0<\/sup>C is cooled at constant pressure to a temperature of 0<sup>0<\/sup>C. What is the change in volume? (a) 54cm<sup>3 <\/sup>(b) 273cm<sup>3<\/sup> (c) 300cm<sup>3 <\/sup>(d) 546cm<sup>3<\/sup> (e) 600cm<sup>3<\/sup>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n<li>A mass of gas occupies 20cm<sup>3<\/sup> at 5<sup>0<\/sup>C and 760mmHg pressure. What is its volume at 30<sup>0<\/sup>C and 800mmHg pressure? (a) 41.4cm<sup>3<\/sup> (b) 20.7cm<sup>3<\/sup> (c) 50cm<sup>3<\/sup> (d) 0.4cm<sup>3<\/sup> (e) 25cm<sup>3<\/sup>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>SECTION B<br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>(a) State the ideal gas equation (b) Draw graphs to show Boyle&#8217;s law and Charles law\n<\/li>\n<li>(a) What is meant by absolute zero of temperature? (b) State the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory of gases.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0WEEK SEVEN GAS LAWS Boyle&#8217;s Law Charles&#8217; Law Pressure Law General gas Law In an&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,265],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts","category-second-term-ss2-physics"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3309"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3309\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3310,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3309\/revisions\/3310"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3309"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}