{"id":3169,"date":"2023-10-04T12:29:11","date_gmt":"2023-10-04T12:29:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/ecole9ja\/?p=3169"},"modified":"2023-10-04T12:48:43","modified_gmt":"2023-10-04T12:48:43","slug":"week-9-and-10-ss2-second-term-geography-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/posts\/week-9-and-10-ss2-second-term-geography-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 9 and 10 – SS2 Second Term Geography Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0WEEK NINE AND TEN
\n<\/strong>TOPIC: WORLD SETTLEMENT
\n<\/strong>A settlement is defined as a place containing one or more buildings with people living in them. A settlement can be a city, village or a compound.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Favourable conditions for siting a settlement:
\n<\/strong>(i)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Adequate water supply
\n(ii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Fertile soil
\n(iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Availability of low and well-drained land.
\n(iv)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Good communication network
\n(v)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Defence\/Protection for human habitation.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Factors Affecting Growth of Settlement
\n<\/strong>Some of the factors that promote the growth of towns, cities or states and finally lead tourbanization are:
\n(i)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Accessibility by road, rails, air etc.
\n(ii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Presence of economic activities such as trading, farming, mining etc.
\n(iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Good administration \/seat of government.
\n(iv)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Provision of social amenities like pipe borne water, electricity etc.
\n(v)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Good soil condition that encourages intensive agriculture.
\n(vi)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Absence of disaster.
\n(vii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Political stability.
\n(viii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Relief and drainage.
\n(ix)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Favourable climatic condition.<\/p>\n

\u00a0
\n\u00a0CLASSIFICATION OF SETTLEMENT ACCORDING TO TYPES
\n<\/strong>There are two main types of settlements.
\n(a) Rural settlements\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(b) Urban settlements<\/p>\n

\u00a0(1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Rural Settlements
\n<\/strong>–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0A rural settlement is relatively a small area with socially homogenous people who know themselves very well.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0A rural settlement could be nucleated, dispersed or linear.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0They consist of people with the same cultural background and language.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0They are normally involved in primary activities such as farming, fishing, hunting and lumbering.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0They live a simple life-style with few social amenities.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0They are normally made up of few buildings with people ranging from one family to few hundreds.<\/p>\n

\u00a0TYPES OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS
\n<\/strong>There are basically, three (3) types of rural settlement. These are:
\n(1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Homestead<\/strong>: This is one family residence. They have dispersed settlements which are separated by bushes, called buffer zones.
\n(2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Hamlet:<\/strong> This settlement may be nucleated with few house, usually less than a hundred with many people living in them.
\n(3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Village:<\/strong> This is a large nucleated rural settlement formed from the combination of several hamlets. It contains several hundreds or a thousand of people with limited services.<\/p>\n

\u00a0FUNCTIONS OF RURAL (VILLAGE) SETTLEMENT
\n<\/strong>A village performs the following functions:
\n1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Agricultural function
\n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Lumbering function
\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Small-scale shopping e.g. Petty shop and local markets
\n4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Fishing function
\n5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Religions function<\/p>\n

\u00a0(b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Urban Settlements
\n<\/strong>–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0An urban settlement is a relatively large, densely populated settlement with socially heterogenous people who do not know one another very well.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Urban settlements are nucleated in nature.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0They consist of people with different cultural background and different languages.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0They consist of many buildings with thousands of people living in them.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0They have abundance social amenities.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0They are mainly involved in secondary activities such as manufacturing, construction, banking etc.<\/p>\n

\u00a0TYPES OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS
\n<\/strong>Four (4) major types of urban settlements exist. These are:
\n(1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Town:<\/strong> With several thousands of people.
\n(2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0City<\/strong>: This is a large town with greater number of people than town.
\n(3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Conurbation<\/strong>: This is made up of several towns joined together but each town still maintains its identity.
\n(4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Megalopolis<\/strong>: It is the largest type of urban settlement made up of large cities with several millions of people. Megalopolis simply means, mega cities joining together to form one big city.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Functions of Urban Settlement
\n<\/strong>Most urban settlements perform the following functions:
\n(1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Industrial functions e.g. manufacturing industries.
\n(2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Commercial functions e.g. presence of markets, banks, shopping malls etc.
\n(3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Administrative functions e.g. seats of government, states and federal capitals etc.
\n(4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Socio-Cultural functions e.g. establishment of universities, churches, mosques, cinemas etc.
\n(5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Mining function.
\n(6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Residential functions.<\/p>\n

\u00a0EVALUATION
\n<\/strong>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Mention any three favourable conditions for siting a settlement.
\n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Briefly differentiate between a rural settlement from an urban settlement.
\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0What is conurbation, and how is it different from megalopolis?<\/p>\n

\u00a0CLASSIFICATION OF SETTLEMENT ACCORDING TO PATTERN OR SHAPE
\n<\/strong>The pattern or shape of settlement refers to the arrangement of buildings in a settlement.
\nThere are three main patterns of settlement. These are:
\n(1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Dispersed\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
\n(2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Nucleated
\n(3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Linear settlement<\/p>\n

\u00a0(1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0DISPERSED OR SCATTERED SETTLEMENT
\n<\/strong>Characteristics
\n<\/strong>–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Dispersed settlements have buildings scattered or far from each other.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0They have few social amenities because they are rural in nature.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0They are mainly involved in primary activities like farming, lumbering etc.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Individual buildings are widely spaced from one-another and; behind the buildings, these are family parcels of land.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0They live a quiet lifestyle.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The dispersed pattern of settlement reduces conflict among families because individual families are distinctly far apart.
\n(2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0LINEAR SETTLEMENT
\n<\/strong>Characteristics
\n<\/strong>–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The buildings are located along the routes e.g. roads, railways or rivers.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Where two or more routes meet, a sub-linear settlement called nodal town is formed.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0When a settlement is formed as a result of the meeting of two rivers; a confluence town or settlement is formed e.g. Lokoja, in Nigeria, Khartoum (Sudan) where the blue Nile and the white Nile meet.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Gardens are located behind houses.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Farmlands may be located behind gardens.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Linear settlements could extend to several kilometers in length.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Some of the reasons for linear settlement are:
\n(i) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The need to be closed to a transport network.
\n(ii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0For easy accessibility to other areas.
\n(iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The need to transport farm produce to markets.<\/p>\n

\u00a0(3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0NUCLEATED OR DENSE SETTLEMENT
\n<\/strong>Characteristics
\n<\/strong>–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Here, the buildings are very close to each other or they are concentrated in a small area.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It has many social amenities.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It is a feature of urban settlement.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0People are mainly involved in secondary and tertiary activities like manufacturing, construction etc.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The area is well connected with roads.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Farmlands are located outside the settlement.
\n–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The level of interaction between the inhabitants is very high.<\/p>\n

\u00a0REASONS OR NEED FOR NUCLEATED SETTLEMENT
\n<\/strong>(i)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The quest to maintain social ties.
\n(ii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It leads to easy development of infrastructure and social amenities.
\n(iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The need for defence.
\n(iv)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0There is easy communication.
\n(v)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0For commercial development.
\n(vi)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It enhances a well-defined leadership structure.<\/p>\n

\u00a0GENERAL EVALUATION QUESTIONS
\n<\/strong>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0What is linear settlement?
\n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Mention two reasons for linear settlement.
\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Mention any four (4) characteristics of a linear settlement.
\n4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Briefly explain the three classification of settlement according to pattern or shape.
\n5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Outline any four functions of either the rural or the urban settlement.<\/p>\n

\u00a0READING ASSIGNMENT
\n<\/strong>Essential Geography pages 198-202.<\/p>\n

\u00a0WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
\n<\/strong>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0One of these is not a factor for siting a settlement.
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(a) Good soil condition \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (b) Good communication network\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (c) To preserve slavery
\n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The smallest type of settlement is called ______
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(a) Village\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(b) Hamlet\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(c) Homestead
\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0When several towns join together but each town still retains its identity it is called ______
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(a) conurbation\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(b) nuclear town\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(c) Megalopolis
\n4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The type of settlement located along major transportation routes is called ______ settlement.
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(a) dispersed\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(b) Linear\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (c) Nucleated
\n5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0One of these is not a major function of a rural settlement?
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(a) Agricultural function\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(b) Industrial function\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (c) Religious function<\/p>\n

\u00a0THEORY
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n
    What is a settlement?\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Outline any four factors affecting the growth of settlement.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u00a0WEEK NINE AND TEN TOPIC: WORLD SETTLEMENT A settlement is defined as a place containing…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,254],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts","category-second-term-ss2-geography"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3169","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3169"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3169\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3170,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3169\/revisions\/3170"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3169"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3169"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}