{"id":3029,"date":"2023-10-04T09:59:28","date_gmt":"2023-10-04T09:59:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/ecole9ja\/?p=3029"},"modified":"2023-10-04T10:01:15","modified_gmt":"2023-10-04T10:01:15","slug":"week-3-ss2-second-term-agricultural-science-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/posts\/week-3-ss2-second-term-agricultural-science-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 3 &#8211; SS2 Second Term Agricultural Science Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0<strong>WEEK: THREE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Date: __________<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>TOPIC: FOREST MANAGEMNT<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>CONTENT<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>Meaning of forest\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Forest reserve in Nigeria\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Importance or uses of the forest\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Management of the forest\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>FOREST<br \/>\n<\/strong>Forest can be defined as a large area of land covered with trees and bushes, either growing wild or planted for some purposes which serves as habitat to various kinds of animals.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0Forestry is the management of forest and forest resources. <\/p>\n<p>\u00a0Silviculture is the growing and cultivation trees.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0Forest ecology is the scientific study of interrelated organisms in the forest.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>COMMON FOREST TREES<br \/>\n<\/strong>Common forest trees found in the forest are Iroko, Obeche, Mahogany, Nigerian walnut, Ebony, Camwood, Opepe, Afara, Teak and Abura.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>FOREST RESERVES IN NIGERIA<br \/>\n<\/strong>Forest reserves are large areas of land where plants, either growing naturally or planted are specially preserved for specific purposes.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>SOME FOREST RESERVES IN NIGERIA<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Mamu River Forest Reserve in Anambra State.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Omo Forest Reserve in Ogun State.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Afi River Forest Reserve in Cross Rivers State.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Okomu Forest Reserve in Edo State.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Shasha River Forest Reserve in Ogun State.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Zamfara Forest Reserve in Zamfara state.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Sanga River Forest Reserve in Plateau state.\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>EVALUATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>What is Forest?\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>List five common forest trees\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>IMPORTANCE OF FOREST AND ITS RESOURCES<br \/>\n<\/strong>The following are ways in which the forest and its resources are important to us. They are as follows:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Provision of food.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Provision of fuel.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Provision of medicinal herbs.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Provision of employment (lumbering).\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Forest serves as wind break.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Formation of rain.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Prevention of soil erosion.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Addition of nutrients to soil.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Home of wild animals.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Forest serves as tourist centre.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Provision of foreign exchange.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It beautifies the environment and serves as tourist sites.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Reduction of atmosphere pollution.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Sources of raw materials such as pulp, timber, dye, gum latex etc.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>MANAGEMENT OF THE FOREST<br \/>\n<\/strong>The following are management practices that will ensure a constant supply of timber in the forest:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div><strong>FOREST REGULATION:<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>These are laws promulgated by government in the form of edicts, decrees and bye laws to prevent people from exploiting or indiscriminate tapping of forest resources.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>The prohibition of bush burning\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Ban on indiscriminate cutting of timber trees\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Encouraging people to plant trees\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Ban or collection of leaves and firewood from the forest\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Ban or farming in forest reserves\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Ban or cutting down of under aged trees\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>People are to obtain licences so as to secure the permission to enable them cut down trees for human needs.\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>SELECTIVE EXPLORATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>This is the process of cutting or harvesting only mature trees in the forest<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>ADVANTAGES OF SELECTIVE EXPLORATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>It ensures the concentration of selected species of timber in the forest\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It protects soil from erosion\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It ensures continuous supply of timber\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It serves as revenue base for the government\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It prevents indiscriminate felling of timber\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>DEFORESTSATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>This is the continuous or indiscriminate removal of trees without replacing them.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Unfavourable climatic factors such as draught, wind blast etc\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Man&#8217;s farming activities such as bush burning, shifting cultivation etc.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Timber exploitation\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Mining\/industrialization\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Natural disasters\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Bad government policies\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>EFFECTS OF DEFORESTSATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>It encourages soil erosion.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It leads to reduction in fertility of soil.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It reduces the amount of rainfall in an area\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It reduces soil moisture content\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It increases leaching of plant nutrient\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It destroys the microclimate and warms up the environment\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It may lead to desert encroachment\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>EVALUATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>List five importance of forest\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Explain selective exploration\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>REGENERATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Regeneration is the process of forest re-growth after it has been exploited. It is a deliberate effort to grow trees.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>TYPES OF REGENERATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Natural Regeneration: in this type there is re growth of new plants from the old stump\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Artificial regeneration: this involves the planting of new forest seedlings in a deforested area.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>ADVANTAGES OF NATURAL REGENERATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>It is less expensive when compared with the artificial regeneration\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It does not require formal stages in plantation establishment\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It brings about the stabilization of natural ecosystem\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It does not require special management skill\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div><strong>AFORESTATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>This is the process of establishing forest plantations in any area.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>ADVANTAGES OF AFORESTATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>It leads to addition of organic matter\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It provides regular supply of raw materials e.g timber for industries\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It prevents desert encroachment\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It increases forest fauna (wild life) in the area concerned\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It prevents leaching of plants nutrient\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It increases soil moisture retention\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It increases the amount of rain fall\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It improves the soil structure\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>TAUNGYA SYSTEM<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Taungya system is defined as the planting of arable crops at early stage of forest establishment and the arable crops are harvested before the trees form canopies.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>CONDITION NECESSARY FOR THE PRACTICE OF TAUNGYA SYSTEM<br \/>\n<\/strong>The conditions which may favour the practice of taungya system include:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Scarcity of land\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Over population\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Unemployment\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Government policies\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Low standard of living\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>ADVANTAGES OF TAUNGYA FARMING<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Varieties of crops are harvested\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>There is availability of crop produce throughout the year\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>When leguminous crops are used they fixed nitrogen to the soil\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Solves the problem of land scarcity\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It increases the income of the farmer\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>DISADVANTAGES OF TAUNGYA FARMING<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Reluctance in releasing fertile soil\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Cultivation of selected crops\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Competition between crops and trees\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Inability of some crops to survive\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>GENERAL EVALUATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Define Taungya farming\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>List three advantages of Taungya farming\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>What is regeneration?\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>List the types of regeneration\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>List the causes of deforestation\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>RESEARCH<br \/>\n<\/strong>Find out the botanical names of ten common forest trees.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>READING ASSIGNMENT<br \/>\n<\/strong>Revision questions 6 and 7 in Essential Agricultural Science for Senior Secondary Schools chapter 23, page 228<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>SECTION A<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>The indiscriminate removal of trees is called____. A. aforestation B. deforestation C. taungya farming D. weeding\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>The following are forest trees except ____. A. iroko B. obeche C. hibiscus D. ebony\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Process of establishing a forest plantation is called ____. A. afforestation B. deforestation C. taungya D. weeding\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>The process of cutting only matured trees in a forest is called ______. A. selective exploitation B. selective exploration C. taungya D. aforestation\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>The best soil for Agriculture is _____. A. loamy soil B. sandy soil C. clay soil D. silt soil\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>SECTION B<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>A. Define forest\n<\/div>\n<p>B. List ten uses of forest\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>A. Define deforestation\n<\/div>\n<p>B. State five effect of deforestation\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0WEEK: THREE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Date: __________ TOPIC: FOREST MANAGEMNT CONTENT Meaning of forest Forest reserve in Nigeria Importance&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,245],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts","category-second-term-ss2-agricultural-science"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3029","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3029"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3029\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3030,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3029\/revisions\/3030"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3029"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}