{"id":2762,"date":"2023-10-03T13:04:40","date_gmt":"2023-10-03T13:04:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/ecole9ja\/?p=2762"},"modified":"2023-10-03T13:12:23","modified_gmt":"2023-10-03T13:12:23","slug":"week-7-ss2-first-term-agricultural-science-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/posts\/week-7-ss2-first-term-agricultural-science-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 7 – SS2 First Term Agricultural Science Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"

WEEK SEVEN
\n<\/strong>TOPIC: ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
\n<\/strong>
\n\u00a0ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
\n<\/strong>These factors are grouped into three,<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n
    Climatic factor\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Biotic factor\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    Edaphic factor\n<\/div>\n

    \u00a0CLIMATIC FACTORS AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
    \n<\/strong>Climate is the average weather condition of a place over a long period of time. The elements of climate are: rainfall, humidity, light, temperature, drought, wind, sunlight, humidity e.t.c.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0RAINFALL
    \n<\/strong>Rainfall is defined as the release of excess condensed water vapour in the atmosphere into the earth.\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n
    It determines the distribution of crops and animal.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n
    It is necessary for seed germination.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \n
    Excessive rainfall leads to leaching.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  7. \n
    It helps to dissolve nutrients, making it available for the plants.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  8. \n
    It determines the types of vegetation in an area.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  9. \n
    It determines seasons in Nigeria.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  10. \n
    Insufficient rainfall causes crop failure and poor yield.\n<\/div>\n

    \u00a0DROUGHT
    \n<\/strong>This is defined as lack of or insufficient rainfall in the area.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0EFFECTS
    \n<\/strong><\/li>\n

  11. \n
    It causes delay in flowering and flower abortion.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  12. \n
    Poor crop establishment.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  13. \n
    It leads to reduction in leaf area.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  14. \n
    It reduces physiological process due to protoplasm dehydration.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  15. \n
    Decrease in production of green matter.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  16. \n
    Reduction in photosynthesis.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  17. \n
    It causes wilting.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  18. \n
    It causes death of plant and plant failure.\n<\/div>\n

    \u00a0TEMPERATURE
    \n<\/strong>This is the degree at hotness and coldness of a place.\n<\/li>\n

  19. \n
    Temperature is necessary for germination of seeds.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  20. \n
    It affects the distribution of crops and the animals.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  21. \n
    Too hot or too cold temperature does not favour plants and animal growth.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  22. \n
    Unfavourable temperature may result in dormancy.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  23. \n
    High temperature affects evapotranspiration and reduces the performance of livestock.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  24. \n
    It affects wilting of field crops, ripening and maturity of crops.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  25. \n
    It affects microbial activities in relation to mineralization.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  26. \n
    High temperature leads to loss of soil minerals by vitalization.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  27. \n
    High temperature causes abortion in farm animals.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  28. \n
    High temperature will cause heat stress and egg drop in poultry.\n<\/div>\n

    \u00a0WIND
    \n<\/strong>Wind is defined as air in motion.\n<\/li>\n

  29. \n
    High wind velocity may cause wind erosion.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  30. \n
    It aids seed and fruit dispersal.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  31. \n
    It can aid pollination and spread of diseases.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  32. \n
    It helps in the distribution of rainfall and changes in seasons.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  33. \n
    High wind velocity causes damage to crops eg. Lodging.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  34. \n
    It affects evapotranspiration.\n<\/div>\n

    \u00a0SUNLIGHT\/SUNSHINE\/ SOLAR RADIATION
    \n<\/strong>Sunshine is the amount of heat and the period the sun’s rays are received at a place.\n<\/li>\n

  35. \n
    Sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  36. \n
    It affects evapotranspiration.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  37. \n
    It affects productivity of crops due to the length of lay i.e photoperiodism.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  38. \n
    Light affects the rising and roosting of animals.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  39. \n
    It affects the rate of production in poultry.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  40. \n
    It determines the productivity of cultivated crops.\n<\/div>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      Solar radiation is a source of farm power.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      It assists in drying of crops.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      It assists in photosynthesis in crops.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    4. \n
      High intensity causes heat stress in animals.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u00a0RELATIVE HUMIDITY
      \n<\/strong>Relative Humidity is defined as the amount of moisture in the atmosphere.\n<\/li>\n

    5. \n
      It results in formation of rain.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    6. \n
      It affects the performance of plants and animals.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    7. \n
      It causes mouldiness of feeds and litters.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    8. \n
      Low humidity causes aridity or dryness.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    9. \n
      It determines the type of crops grown in an area.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    10. \n
      Low humidity leads to heat stress in animals e.g cattle, poultry, pig.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    11. \n
      It determines the type of crops grown in an area.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    12. \n
      High humidity favours the growth of pathogens.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    13. \n
      It affects feed and water intake in animals.\n<\/div>\n

      \u00a0EVALUATION
      \n<\/strong><\/li>\n

    14. \n
      List five climate factors affecting agricultural production.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    15. \n
      State two effects of rainfall.\n<\/div>\n

      \u00a0BIOTIC FACTORS AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
      \n<\/strong>SOIL ORGANISMS
      \n<\/strong><\/li>\n

    16. \n
      These include bacteria, fungi, earthworms, rodents and termites.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    17. \n
      Bacteria and fungi can cause diseases.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    18. \n
      Some aid aeration of soil, percolation and fertility.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    19. \n
      Root nodules of bacteria can fix nutrients directly to plants and soil.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    20. \n
      Help in decomposition of plant materials to form humus.\n<\/div>\n

      \u00a0PESTS
      \n<\/strong><\/li>\n

    21. \n
      These includes insects, rodents, birds and some mammals.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    22. \n
      They reduce the yield of crops and animals.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    23. \n
      They reduce the quality of crops and animals.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    24. \n
      Some are vectors or carriers of diseases.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    25. \n
      They reduce the income of farmers.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    26. \n
      They increase the cost of production.\n<\/div>\n

      \u00a0PARASITES
      \n<\/strong><\/li>\n

    27. \n
      They include tick, liverflukes, tapeworms, dodder, mistletoe and like.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    28. \n
      Some transit diseases.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    29. \n
      They reduce the quantity or yield of production.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    30. \n
      They reduce the quality of yield.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    31. \n
      They cause the death of plants and animals.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    32. \n
      They reduce the production capacity of livestock or crops.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    33. \n
      Cost of control increases the cost of production.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    34. \n
      They reduce farmers’ income.\n<\/div>\n

      \u00a0EVALUATION
      \n<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n
        List four biotic factors affecting agricultural production.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        List two effects each of soil organism pests, parasites and diseases on agricultural production.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u00a0EDAPHIC FACTORS AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
        \n<\/strong>SOIL PH
        \n<\/strong><\/li>\n

      3. \n
        It affects the growth of plants.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      4. \n
        It also affects the availability of soil nutrients to plants.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      5. \n
        It affects the presence of soil microorganism.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      6. \n
        It causes toxicity to plants and animals in the soil.\n<\/div>\n

        \u00a0SOIL TEXTURE
        \n<\/strong><\/li>\n

      7. \n
        It determines the type of soil in an area.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      8. \n
        It determines the level of soil fertility.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      9. \n
        It determines the type of crop to be grown.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      10. \n
        It affects the level of leaching and erosion.\n<\/div>\n

        \u00a0SOIL STRUCTURE
        \n<\/strong><\/li>\n

      11. \n
        It determines the fertility of the soil.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      12. \n
        It determines the water holding capacity of the soil.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      13. \n
        It determines the level of soil organism.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      14. \n
        It determines the level of soil aeration and percolation.\n<\/div>\n

        TOPOGRAPHY
        \n<\/strong>This is the shape of the land in relation to the underlying rocks of the earth surface.\n<\/li>\n

      15. \n
        Steep gentle slope gives rise to soil erosion.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      16. \n
        Steep gentle slope may also aid the weathering of rocks.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      17. \n
        Even or flat slope can lead to accumulation of soil.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      18. \n
        Even and flat slopes can be better sites for intensive farm.\n<\/div>\n

        \u00a0SOIL FERTILITY
        \n<\/strong><\/li>\n

      19. \n
        Fertile soils aid the production of food and cash crops.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      20. \n
        A fertile soil produces better forage crops.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      21. \n
        It minimizes the use of fertilizer.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      22. \n
        It leads to multiplication of beneficially soil organism.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      23. \n
        Fertile soil leads to reduction in the cost of production.\n<\/div>\n

        \u00a0SOIL TYPES
        \n<\/strong><\/li>\n

      24. \n
        The types include sandy, clay and loamy soil.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      25. \n
        Loamy soil is the best for agriculture.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      26. \n
        Sandy soil does not contain enough nutrients, hence it cannot support plant growth.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      27. \n
        Sandy soil encourages leaching.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      28. \n
        Clayed soil prevents leaching but encourages water logging.\n<\/div>\n

        \u00a0GENERAL EVALUATION
        \n<\/strong><\/li>\n

      29. \n
        List five edaphic factors affecting agricultural production.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      30. \n
        List five biotic factors affecting agricultural production.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      31. \n
        List three effect of solar radiation on agricultural production.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      32. \n
        State five problems associated with irrigation.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      33. \n
        State five effects of temperature on agricultural production.\n<\/div>\n

        \u00a0READING ASIGNMENT
        \n<\/strong>Essential Agricultural Science for Senior Secondary Schools, Chapter 9, pages 48 \u2013 59<\/p>\n

        \u00a0WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
        \n<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n
          The following are climate factors except (a) soil types (b) humidity (c) temperature (d) light\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          Which of the following is not an edaphic factor (a) soil PH (b) soil fertility (c) soil water (d) topography\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        3. \n
          The following are types of erosion except ____ (a) splash (b) rill (c) sheet (d) mulch\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        4. \n
          The washing away of soil nutrients down beyond the reach of the root is ___\n<\/div>\n

          (a) erosion (b) leaching (c) mulching (d) staking\n<\/li>\n

        5. \n
          High humidity is responsible for ____ (a) dryness (b) water logging (c) rainfall (d) erosion\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u00a0SECTION B
          \n<\/strong><\/li>\n

        6. \n
          Discuss four biotic factors affecting agricultural production\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        7. \n
          State two effects each of soil PH, soil texture and rainfall on Agricultural production\n<\/div>\n


          \n\t\t\t\t<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          WEEK SEVEN TOPIC: ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION \u00a0ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION These factors…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,226],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2762","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts","category-first-term-ss2-agricultural-science"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2762","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2762"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2762\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2772,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2762\/revisions\/2772"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2762"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2762"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2762"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}