{"id":1844,"date":"2023-10-02T06:41:08","date_gmt":"2023-10-02T06:41:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/ecole9ja\/?p=1844"},"modified":"2023-10-02T06:57:20","modified_gmt":"2023-10-02T06:57:20","slug":"week-2-ss1-first-term-data-processing-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/posts\/week-2-ss1-first-term-data-processing-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 2 – SS1 First Term Data Processing Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0WEEK TWO
\n<\/strong>TOPIC: HISTORY OF COMPUTING
\n<\/strong>EARLY MECHANICAL COUNTING\/CALCULATING DEVICES
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n
    Abacus\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Slide rule\n<\/div>\n

    \u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    EARLY ELECTRO-MECHANICAL COUNTING DEVICES
    \n<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n
      John Napier bone\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      Blaize Pascal machine\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      Gottfried Leitbnitz machine\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    4. \n
      Joseph Jacquard Loom\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    5. \n
      Charles Babbage analytical machine\n<\/div>\n

      \u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      EARLY ELECTRONIC COUNTING DEVICES:
      \n<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n
        Herman Hollerith punch card\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        John Von Neumann machine\n<\/div>\n

        \u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Man has put in every effort to have better methods of calculations. As a result of man’s search for fast and accurate calculating devices, the computer was developed. Essentially, there are three kinds of calculating devices: manual, mechanical and automatic.<\/p>\n

        \u00a0ABACUS
        \n<\/strong>The first calculating device was probably Abacus. The Chinese invented it. It is still in use in some countries because of its simple operation. It is made up of a frame divided into two parts by a horizontal bar and vertical threads. Each thread contains some beads. It was used to calculate simple addition and subtraction.<\/p>\n

        \u00a0NAPIER’S BONE
        \n<\/strong>The need for a better calculating device was felt as time passed. John Napier, a Scottish mathematician, invented a set of eleven rods, with four sides each which was used as a multiplication tool. These rods were made from bones and this was the reason why they were called Napier Bones. The rods had numbers marked in such a way that, by placing them side by side, products and quotients of large numbers can be obtained.<\/p>\n

        \u00a0EVALUATION
        \n<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n
          Explain types of early counting devices.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          How does Abacus and Napier’s function.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u00a0PASCALINE
          \n<\/strong>The first mechanical calculating machine was invented in 1642, by Blaize Pascal, a French mathematician. Numbers were entered by dialling a series of numbered wheels in this machine. A sequence of wheels transferred the movements to a dial, which showed the result. <\/p>\n

          \u00a0Through addition and subtraction were performed the normal way, the device could perform division by repeated subtraction and multiplication by repeated addition.<\/p>\n

          \u00a0LEIBNITZ CALCULATING MACHINE
          \n<\/strong>Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibnitz invented a computer that was built in 1694. It could add and after changing some things around, it could multiply. Leibnitz invented a special stepped gear mechanism for introducing the added digits and this is still being used.<\/p>\n

          \u00a0JACQUARD’S LOOM
          \n<\/strong>Jacquard’s loom was one of the first machines that were run by a program. Joseph Jacquard changed the weaving industry by creating a loom that controlled the raising of the thread through punched cards. Jacquard’s loom used lines of holes on a card to represent the weaving pattern.<\/p>\n

          \u00a0PUNCHED CARD
          \n<\/strong>During the years1920 and 1930, the punched card system developed steadily. A standard card was divided into 80 columns and 12 rows. Only one character could be represented in the 80 columns, thus providing a maximum of 80 characters per card. Punching one, two or three holes in any one column represented a character. Holes were punched into a blank card by a punch machine whose keyboard resembled that of a typewriter.<\/p>\n

          \u00a0CONCLUSION
          \n<\/strong>We have learnt about the various calculating devices and the various ways they perform their operations. We learnt also that Abacus was the first calculating devices.<\/p>\n

          \u00a0NUMBER SYSTEM (REVISION)
          \n<\/strong>To effectively use the computer, it is therefore necessary to know how data is represented and communicatedto it. There are different ways of representing data in the number system, namely:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \n
            Decimal System\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
          2. \n
            Binary System\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
          3. \n
            Octal System\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
          4. \n
            Hexadecimal Number System.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u00a0GENERAL EVALUATION
            \n<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \n
              How does Abacus and Jacquard’s loom function?\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
            2. \n
              What type of operation can Pascaline perform?\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
            3. \n
              Explain the four number system.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
            4. \n
              List any four early counting devices.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u00a0READING ASSIGNMENT
              \n<\/strong>Read Chapter 1, Pg1-3, A Handbook On Computer Studies, By NiyiAdekolegan.<\/p>\n

              \u00a0WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
              \n<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \n
                Napier’s Bones had \u2026\u2026..A. 9 rods B. 11 rods C. 10 rods D. 12 rods\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
              2. \n
                Jacquard’s loom was used in the \u2026\u2026A. mechanical industry B. weaving industry C. food industry D. all of the above\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
              3. \n
                \u2026\u2026. was the first calculating device. A. Napier’s Bones B. Punched card C. Abacus D. Slide rule\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
              4. \n
                The octal number system has a radix of \u2026\u2026. A. 7 B. 10 C. 16 D. 8\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
              5. \n
                The Decimal Number is in Base \u2026\u2026A. 2 B. 8 C. 10 D. 16\n<\/div>\n

                \u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                THEORY
                \n<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \n
                  Describe a standard Punch Card.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                2. \n
                  Explain Decimal Number system.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n


                  \n\t\t\t<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  \u00a0WEEK TWO TOPIC: HISTORY OF COMPUTING EARLY MECHANICAL COUNTING\/CALCULATING DEVICES Abacus Slide rule \u00a0 EARLY…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,169],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1844","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts","category-first-term-ss1-data-processing"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1844","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1844"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1844\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1845,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1844\/revisions\/1845"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1844"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1844"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1844"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}