{"id":1818,"date":"2023-10-02T06:31:03","date_gmt":"2023-10-02T06:31:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/ecole9ja\/?p=1818"},"modified":"2023-10-02T06:32:11","modified_gmt":"2023-10-02T06:32:11","slug":"week-9-ss1-first-term-chemistry-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/posts\/week-9-ss1-first-term-chemistry-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 9 &#8211; SS1 First Term Chemistry Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<strong>WEEK NINE<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>ATOMIC NUMBER, RELATIVE ATOMIC MASSES, ISOTOPES AND CALCULATIONS<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>CONTENT<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>ATOMIC NUMBER AND MASS NUMBER\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>ISOTOPES\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>CALCULATIONS OF RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>CONSTITUENTS OF AN ATOM<br \/>\n<\/strong>Atoms are made up of sub-particles. Protons, electrons and neutrons. Proton has a positive charge, electron has a negative charge and neutron has no charge.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>Atomic number and mass number<br \/>\n<\/strong>The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of its atom.<br \/>\nMass number or atomic mass of an element is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of its atom.<br \/>\nMass Number = Number of proton + Number of neutron<br \/>\nAn element X can be represented as<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<sub>Z<\/sub>X<sup>A<\/sup><br \/>\n\t\twhere\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0A= Atomic mass or mass number<br \/>\nZ= Atomic number<br \/>\ne.g. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a040  \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0mass no = 40<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0    Ca<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>atomic no = 20\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>EVALUATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>State the constituents of an atom.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>What is the number of proton in the following elements?\n<\/div>\n<p>(a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a011<sub>B<\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a012<sub>C<\/sub><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>6\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>ISOTOPES<br \/>\n<\/strong>Isotopy is the occurrence of atoms of elements having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. This is due to the difference in the number of neutrons present in the atoms. The atoms that exhibit isotopy are called ISOTOPES.<br \/>\nExamples of atoms that exhibit isotopy are chlorine 35<sub>Cl<\/sub> and 37<sub> Cl<br \/>\n<\/sub><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100223_0631_Week9SS1Fi1.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0Carbon- <sup> 12 <\/sup><sub>C<\/sub>, <sup>13<\/sup><sub> C <\/sub> and <sup>14<\/sup><sub> C<\/sub><br \/>\n\t\tPotassium \u2013 <sup>39<\/sup>K<sub>19  <\/sub> and   <sup>41<\/sup>K<sub>19<\/sub> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\nOxygen\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0&#8211;  <sup>16<\/sup>O<sub>16   <\/sub> and <sup>18<\/sup>O<sub>16<\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0     \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0  \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0  <sub><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/sub><br \/>\n\u00a0<strong>EVALUATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Define isotopy.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Write the isotopes of chlorine.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>CALCULATION OF RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS<br \/>\n<\/strong>The following is an example of calculation of relative atomic mass of an element from percentage abundance of its isotopes.<br \/>\n1. X is an element which exists as an isotopic mixture containing 90% of <sup>39<\/sup>X<sub>19<\/sub> and 10%  of <sup>41<\/sup>X<sub>19<br \/>\n<\/sub><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>How many neutrons are present in the isotope <sup>41<\/sup>X\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Calculate the mean relative atomic mass of X\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Solution<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Neutrons in  <sup>41<\/sup>X<sub>19<\/sub>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0=\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a041-19 = 22<br \/>\nb.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0R.A.M\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0=\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a090\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0x\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a039\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0+\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a010\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0x\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a041<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>100\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>=\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a090\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0x\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a039\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0+\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a041 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0x\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a010<br \/>\n\t\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0100<br \/>\n=\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a03920\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0=\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a039.20<br \/>\n100<br \/>\n<strong>EVALUATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>How many neutrons are present in the isotope <sup>37<\/sup>Cl<sub>17 <\/sub>?\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>A given quantity of chlorine contains 75% <sup>35<\/sup>Cl<sub>17<\/sub>, and 25% <sup>37<\/sup>Cl<sub>17<\/sub>, determine the relative atomic mass of chlorine.\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>CALCULATIONS<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>The following are more examples of calculations of relative atomic masses of elements.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>An element Y exist in two isotopic forms <sup>39<\/sup>Y<sub>18<\/sub> and <sup>40<\/sup>Y<sub>18<\/sub> in the ratio 3:2 respectively. What is the relative atomic mass of the element?\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>SOLUTION<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong>R.A.M of Y\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0=\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a03\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0x\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a039\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0+\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a02\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0x\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a040<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a05\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a05                       1<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0=         0.6        x         39         +         0.4        x          40<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0=        23.4       +       16<br \/>\n                        =\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a039.4   <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div> An element with relative atomic mass 16.2 contains two isotopes 16P8 with relative abundance 90% and mP8 with relative abundance 10%. What is the value of m?\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>SOLUTION<\/strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<sub><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a016.2 =\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a090 x 16 + 10 x m<br \/>\n\t\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0          100<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 16.2 =\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a09 x 16\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0+   m<br \/>\n\t\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0              10           10<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a016.2 = 144   +   m<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a010         10<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a016.2 = 144  +  m<br \/>\n\t\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0      10<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a016.2 x 10 = 144 + m<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0162   = 144 + m<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0162 \u2013 144 = m<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0      18 =   m<br \/>\nThe value of m is 18<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>GENERAL EVALUATION\/REVISION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Consider the atoms represented  below:\n<\/div>\n<p><sup>q<\/sup><sub>X<\/sub>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<sup>r<\/sup><sub>X<\/sub><br \/>\n\t\t\t\tp\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0p\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>State the relationship between the two atoms.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>What is the difference between them?\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Give two examples of other elements which exhibit the phenomenon illustrated.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>State the number of electrons, protons and neutrons present in the following atoms\/ions\n<\/div>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Ca b) S<sup>2-<\/sup> c) Al<sup>3+<\/sup> d) P\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>If an element R has isotopes 60% <sup>12<\/sup>R<sub>6<\/sub> and 40% <sup>x<\/sup>R<sub>6<\/sub> and the relative atomic mass of R is 12.4, find x.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>READING ASSIGNMENT<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>New School Chemistry for SSS by O.Y Ababio. Pg 48-49\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>The atomic number of an element is precisely\n<\/div>\n<p>(a) the number of protons in the atom (b) the number of electrons in the atom (c) the number of neutrons in the atom\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>An atom can be defined more accurately as (a) the smallest indivisible parts of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction (b) the smallest part of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction (c) a combination of protons, neutrons\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>The mass number is (a) proton number + neutron number (b) electron number + proton number  (c) neutron number + electron number\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Calculate the relative atomic mass of an element having two isotopes <sup>107<\/sup> Ag and <sup>109<\/sup>Ag in the ratio 1:1  (a)106  (b)107 (c)108\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>An element X has two isotopes <sup>18.8<\/sup>X and <sup>15.8<\/sup>X in the proportion of 1:9 respectively. Find the relative atomic mass of X (a)16.1  (b)13.6  (c)16.8\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>THEORY<br \/>\n<\/strong>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Define the term isotopy.<br \/>\n(b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Determine the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in each of the following: <sup>39<\/sup>K<sub>19<\/sub>,<sup> 63.5<\/sup>Cu<sub>29<br \/>\n<\/sub>2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0If an element R has isotopes 60% of <sup>12<\/sup>R<sub>6<\/sub> and 40% <sup> x<\/sup>R<sub>6<\/sub> and the relative atomic mass is 12.4, find x.<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 \u00a0WEEK NINE ATOMIC NUMBER, RELATIVE ATOMIC MASSES, ISOTOPES AND CALCULATIONS CONTENT ATOMIC NUMBER AND&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,167],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1818","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts","category-first-term-ss1-chemistry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1818","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1818"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1818\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1819,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1818\/revisions\/1819"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1818"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1818"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1818"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}