{"id":1816,"date":"2023-10-02T06:30:19","date_gmt":"2023-10-02T06:30:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/ecole9ja\/?p=1816"},"modified":"2023-10-02T06:32:11","modified_gmt":"2023-10-02T06:32:11","slug":"week-8-ss1-first-term-chemistry-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/posts\/week-8-ss1-first-term-chemistry-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 8 – SS1 First Term Chemistry Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0WEEK EIGHT
\n<\/strong>IUPAC NOMENCLATURE OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
\n<\/strong>CONTENT
\n<\/strong>Naming of:
\n<\/strong> —- binary compounds
\n<\/strong> —- radials and compounds having elements with variable oxidation numbers.
\n<\/strong> —- tertiary and quartenary compounds.
\n<\/strong> —- compounds with cations replaced with hydrogen.
\n<\/strong>
\n\u00a0NAMING OF BINARY COMPOUNDS<\/strong>
\n\t\tNomenclature: This is the system of naming chemical compounds. The system is called IUPAC (International union of pure and applied chemistry). The naming is determined by the constituent elements in the compound and the oxidation number if necessary.
\nIn naming binary compounds (compounds with only two elements), electropositive elements (cations) are usually named first while the electronegative elements (anions) come last with a modification of the name end with \u2013 ide.
\nExamples:
\n Formula IUPAC name
\n MgO Magnesium oxide
\n H2<\/sub>S Hydrogen sulphide
\n NH4<\/sub>Cl Ammonium chloride
\n NaH Sodium hydride
\nBut in cases where the two elements involved are non-metals, the above rule is not followed. For example, H2<\/sub>O (water) NH3 <\/sub>(ammonia) and PH3 <\/sub>(phosphine) <\/p>\n

\u00a0EVALUATION
\n<\/strong>Name the following compounds: (a) NaCl (b) CaO (c) H2<\/sub>O2<\/sub>.
\nNAMING OF RADICALS AND COMPOUNDS HAVING ELEMENTS WITH VARIABLE OXIDATION NUMERS
\n<\/strong>Radicals (group of atoms of element carrying electrical charge) are treated as a single element when naming their compounds.
\n Examples of radicals with their names are as follows:
\n Radical IUPAC NAME
\n NH4+<\/sup> Ammonium ion
\n OH
\n\t\t\t<\/sup>Hydroxyl ion
\nBut in naming acid radicals, the oxidation number of elements is indicated by Roman numbers in bracket.
\n Example:
\n Formula IUPAC
\n NO2<\/sub> Dioxonitratei(iii) ion
\n NO3<\/sub>–<\/sup> Trioxonitrate(v) ion
\n CO3<\/sub>2-<\/sup> Trioxocarbonate(iv) ion.
\nAlso the compounds having elements with Roman numbers in bracket indicating their oxidation numbers in that compound
\n Examples
\n Formula IUPAC
\n FeO Iron (ii) oxide
\n Cu2<\/sub>O Copper (i) oxide
\n MgCO3 <\/sub> Magnesium trioxocarbonate (iv)<\/p>\n

\u00a0EVALUATION<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n
    Name the following compounds (a) Fe2<\/sub>O3<\/sub> (b) CuO\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    What are the oxidation numbers of Fe and Cu in (1) above?\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00a0NAMING TERTIARY COMPOUNDS AND QUARTENARY COMPOUNDS<\/strong>.
    \nThese are compounds containing more than two elements.
    \n Examples are oxo-acids, normal salts, and acid salts.
    \n Acid IUPAC
    \n HNO3 <\/sub> Trioxonitrate(v) acid
    \n H2<\/sub>SO4 <\/sub> Tetraoxosulphate (vi) acid
    \n H3<\/sub>PO4<\/sub> Tetraoxophospate (v) acid\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
    \n Examples of Normal Salts.
    \n<\/strong> Normal salts IUPAC
    \n KNO3<\/sub> Potassium trioxonitrate (iv)
    \n NaSO4 <\/sub> Sodiumtetraoxosulphate (vi)
    \n CuCO3<\/sub> Copper (ii) trioxocarbonate (iv)<\/p>\n

    \u00a0EVALUATION
    \n<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n
      Determine the oxidation number of: a) C in H2<\/sub>CO3<\/sub> b) Mn in KMnO4<\/sub> c) Cu in CuSO4<\/sub>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      Name the compounds in 1 above\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      NAMING OF COMPOUNDS WHOSE CATIONS HAS BEEN PARTIALLY REPLACED WITH HYDROGEN IONS.
      \n<\/strong>In naming compounds whose cations have been partially replaced with hydrogen ion, the cations is named first followed by hydrogen, then the radicals present indicating the roman number standing for the oxidation number of the element that is combined with oxygen to form the radical.
      \nE.g Formula IUPAC
      \nNaHSO4<\/sub> Sodium hydrogen tetraoxosulphate (vi)
      \nKHSO3<\/sub> Potassium hydrogen trioxosulphate (iv)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

      \u00a0GENERAL EVALUATION\/REVISION:
      \n<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n
        Determine the following oxidation number of a) C in LiHCO3<\/sub> b) S in KHSO4<\/sub> and name the compounds\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        Write the chemical formula of the following compounds a) Oxochlorate (I) acid b) Iron (ii) tetraoxosulphate (VI) pentahydrate\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
      3. \n
        State the uses of the following laboratory apparatuses a) Condenser b) Kipp’s apparatus c)Tripod stand\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u00a0READING ASSIGNMENT
        \n<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n
          Practical Chemistry for Senior Secondary Schools By Godwin O. Ojokuku pg 20-28.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u00a0WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \n
            The compound Na2<\/sub>S is called ____ (a) Sodium (ii) sulphate (b) Sodium sulphur (c) Sodium sulphide (d) Sodium sulphite.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
          2. \n
            The formula of sulphur (iv) oxide is (a) SO4<\/sub> (b) SO2<\/sub> (c) S2<\/sub>O4<\/sub> (d) S4<\/sub>O2<\/sub>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
          3. \n
            Ammonium chloride can be written as (a) NH4<\/sub>Cl (b) NH3<\/sub>Cl2<\/sub> (c) NH4<\/sub>HCl\n<\/div>\n

            (d) NH4<\/sub>OH\n<\/li>\n

          4. \n
            The IUPAC name of NaHSO4<\/sub> is (a) Sodium bicarbonate (b) Sodium tetraoxosulphate (vi) acid (c) Sodium sulphate (c) Sodium hydrogen tetraoxosulphate (vi)\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
          5. \n
            Which of the following compounds have cation with variable oxidation state.\n<\/div>\n

            (a) FeO3 <\/sub>(b) ZnCO3 <\/sub>(c) CuO (d) KU\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u00a0THEORY
            \n<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \n
              Name the following compounds (a) Fe2<\/sub>O3<\/sub> (b) KMnO4 <\/sub>(c) KClO3<\/sub>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
            2. \n
              Calculate the oxidation number of (a) Sulphur in H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub> (b) Carbon in CuCO3 <\/sub>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              \u00a0WEEK EIGHT IUPAC NOMENCLATURE OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS CONTENT Naming of: —- binary compounds —- radials…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,167],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1816","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts","category-first-term-ss1-chemistry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1816","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1816"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1816\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1817,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1816\/revisions\/1817"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1816"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1816"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1816"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}