{"id":1810,"date":"2023-10-02T06:26:19","date_gmt":"2023-10-02T06:26:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/ecole9ja\/?p=1810"},"modified":"2023-10-02T06:32:11","modified_gmt":"2023-10-02T06:32:11","slug":"week-5-ss1-first-term-chemistry-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/posts\/week-5-ss1-first-term-chemistry-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 5 &#8211; SS1 First Term Chemistry Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0<strong>WEEK FIVE<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>TOPIC: COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>CONTENT<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>COMPOUND\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>FORMULAE OF COMPOUNDS\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>MIXTURES\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>COMPOUND<br \/>\n<\/strong>A Compound is a substance which contains two or more elements chemically combined together. A compound is formed as a result of chemical change.<br \/>\nExamples of compounds are<br \/>\nCompound\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Constituent Elements<br \/>\nWater\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Hydrogen, oxygen<br \/>\nSand\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0silicon, oxygen<br \/>\nLimestone\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0calcium, carbon, oxygen<br \/>\nCommon salt\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0sodium, chlorine<br \/>\nEthanol\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0carbon, hydrogen, oxygen<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>PROPERTIES OF A COMPOUND<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>It has properties different from those of its component elements.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Its formation often requires large amount of heat.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>It cannot be separated by physical means.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>The components of a compound have a fixed ratio by mass.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Compounds are homogenous.\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>EVALUATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Define a compound.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Give three examples of a compound.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>FORMULAE OF COMPOUNDS<br \/>\n<\/strong>When an element exists as a molecule, a number is written as a subscript after the symbol of that element. For example, hydrogen is written as H<sub>2<\/sub> and oxygen as 0<sub>2<\/sub>.<br \/>\nA compound contains whole numbers of atoms of the component elements. Its molecular formula is written as follows.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>The symbols of all the component elements are written close together as a group.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>The number of atoms of each component element is written as a subscript after the symbol of that element.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0Examples<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong>Compound\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Formula<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Hydrochloric acid\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0HCl<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Water\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0H<sub>2<\/sub>0<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ammonia\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0NH<sub>3<\/sub><br \/>\n\t\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Carbon(IV)oxide\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0C0<sub>2<\/sub><br \/>\n\t\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Lead II chloride\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 PbCl<sub>2<\/sub><br \/>\n\t\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Calcium trioxonitrate(V)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ca(NO<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>WRITING FORMULA FROM VALENCIES<br \/>\n<\/strong>Formulae of compounds can be deduced from the valencies of the component elements or radicals, following the rules below.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Write the symbols of the element or radicals in a compound\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Write their valencies below the symbols of elements\/radicals\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Exchange their valencies.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Now write the formula of the compound bringing the symbols of the element or radicals together\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>Examples<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Write the formula of sodium tetraoxosulphate(VI)\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100223_0626_Week5SS1Fi1.png\" alt=\"\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100223_0626_Week5SS1Fi2.png\" alt=\"\"\/>Rule 1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Na\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0S0<sub>4<\/sub><br \/>\n\t\t\t\tRule 2 &amp; 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a01\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a02<br \/>\nRule 4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Na<sub>2<\/sub>S0<sub>4<\/sub>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Write the formula of calcium chloride\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100223_0626_Week5SS1Fi3.png\" alt=\"\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100223_0626_Week5SS1Fi4.png\" alt=\"\"\/>Rule 1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ca\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Cl<br \/>\nRule 2 &amp; 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a02\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a01<br \/>\nRule 4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0            CaCl<sub>2<br \/>\n<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>EVALUATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Write the formulae of; (i) tetraoxosulphate(vi) acid (ii) Magnesium Chloride\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>State three properties of a compound\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>MIXTURES<\/strong><br \/>\n\t\tA mixture contains two or more constituents which can easily be separated by physical methods.<br \/>\nExamples of mixtures with their constituents are outlined below:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100223_0626_Week5SS1Fi5.png\" alt=\"\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100223_0626_Week5SS1Fi6.png\" alt=\"\"\/>Mixture\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0             Constituents<br \/>\nAir\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Oxygen, Carbon (iv)oxide, nitrogen, rare gases, dust, moisture<br \/>\nSoil\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Sand, clay, humus, water, air, mineral salts<br \/>\nUrine\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0urea, water, mineral salt<br \/>\nPalm wine\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0water, sugar, alkanol, mineral salts, vitamins, yeast, protein, fat<br \/>\nCoca-cola\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0water, sugar, cola, CO<sub>2<\/sub><br \/>\n\t\tMilk \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0water, sugar, fat, protein, mineral salts, vitamin<br \/>\nSea water\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0water, mineral salts, bacteria, remains of organic matter<br \/>\nBrass\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0copper and zinc<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<br \/>\n\u00a0<strong>DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MIXTURES AND COMPOUNDS<br \/>\n<\/strong><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100223_0626_Week5SS1Fi7.png\" alt=\"\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100223_0626_Week5SS1Fi8.png\" alt=\"\"\/>      Mixture\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Compound<br \/>\n1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It may be homogenous\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It is always homogenous.<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0or heterogeneous.<br \/>\n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It can be separated into \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It cannot be separated into its<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0its constituents by physical\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0components by physical means.<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0means<br \/>\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The constituents can be \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The components are present in a<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0added in any ratio by mass\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0fixed ratio by mass. Hence a<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Hence a mixture cannot be\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0compound can always be repre-<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0represented by a chemical\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0sented by a chemical formula.<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Formula.<br \/>\n4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The properties of a mixture \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The properties of a compound<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0are the sum of those of its\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0are entirely different from those<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0individual constituents.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0of its components.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>EVALUATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>List five (5) compounds and their formulae\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>What is a mixture?\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>State four differences between compound and mixture\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>READING ASSIGNMENT<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>New School Chemistry for SSS by O.Y Ababio. Pg 11, 36 to 37\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>GENERAL EVALUATION\/REVISION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>State the valency of the following elements and radicals: Na, K, S, O, SO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup>, NO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>&#8211;<\/sup>, CO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>2-<\/sup>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Write the formula of: a) Lead (ii) tetraoxosulphate (vi) b) Hydrochloric acid c) Sodium trioxocarbonate (iv) d) Calcium hydroxide\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Which of the following is a mixture? (a) water(b) sugar(c) milk (d) starch\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Which of the following is a compound?  (a) water (b) soil (c) diamond (d) graphite\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Which of these formulae represents ammonia? (a) NH<sub>3<\/sub> (b) NH<sub>4<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup> (c) NH<sub>2<\/sub> (d) CH<sub>4<\/sub>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>The formula for sand is (a) C0<sub>2<\/sub> (b) SO<sub>2 <\/sub>(c) NO<sub>2 <\/sub>(d) SiO<sub>2<\/sub>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Compounds are always (a) heterogeneous (b) homogeneous (c) homogeneous or heterogeneous (d) chemogeneous\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>THEORY<br \/>\n<\/strong>1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0a. Define (i) Compound (ii) Mixture<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0b. Give two examples each of compound and Mixtures<br \/>\n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0a. State four differences between compound and mixture<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0b. What is the formula of<br \/>\ni) tetraoxosulphate (vi) acid<br \/>\nii) Ammonium sulphide<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0iii) Sodium tetraoxophosphate <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0WEEK FIVE TOPIC: COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES CONTENT COMPOUND FORMULAE OF COMPOUNDS MIXTURES DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COMPOUNDS&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,167],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts","category-first-term-ss1-chemistry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1810","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1810"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1810\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1811,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1810\/revisions\/1811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1810"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}