{"id":1804,"date":"2023-10-02T06:24:57","date_gmt":"2023-10-02T06:24:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/ecole9ja\/?p=1804"},"modified":"2023-10-02T06:32:11","modified_gmt":"2023-10-02T06:32:11","slug":"week-2-ss1-first-term-chemistry-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/posts\/week-2-ss1-first-term-chemistry-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 2 &#8211; SS1 First Term Chemistry Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0<strong>WEEK TWO<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>TOPIC: LABORATORY FAMILIARIZATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>CONTENT<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>DEFINTION OF LABORATORY\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>LABORATORY APPARATUS; MEANING, USES AND IDENTIFICATION\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>LABORATORY SAFETY RULES\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>DEFINITION OF LABORATORY<br \/>\n<\/strong>A laboratory is a room or building equipped for scientific experimentation or research. It is a special facility where experiments are done and typically contains scientific equipment and apparatus.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>LABORATORY APPARATUS<br \/>\n<\/strong>Laboratory apparatus refers to the various tools or equipment used by scientists working in the laboratory.<br \/>\nSome common laboratory apparatuses include: test tube, beaker, conical flask, flat bottomed flask, round-bottomed flask, funnel (plastic or glass) thistle funnel, brush, Woulff&#8217;s bottle tripod stand, retort stand, spatula, Bunsen burner, separating funnel, wire gauze, clamp, beehive shelf, gas jar, desiccated, reflux-condenser, Liebig condenser, pipette, burette, delivery tube, deflagrating spoon, u-tube, thermometer, aspirator bottle, wash bottle, chemical balance, reagent bottle, fume cupboard etc.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>SOME LABORATORY APPARATUS AND THEIR USES<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div><strong>EVAPORATING DISH:<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>It is made of porcelain. It may be round or flat bottomed. It is used in the evaporation of solution to dryness\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>BEAKER<\/strong>: It is available in different sizes. It is flat bottom cylindrical, graduated and usually with a lip for easy pouring of solution. It is used to hold solution or measure solution during an experiment.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>ASPIRATOR BOTTLE:<\/strong>  It is a Jerry can made of plastic or glass with a screw tap. It is used for storing distilled water during an experiment.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>CRUCIBLE:<\/strong> It is usually made of porcelain with a lid to match. It can withstand high temperature hence, it is used for ignition of substances until they are decomposed.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>WOULFF&#8217;S BOTTLE<\/strong>: It is a glass bottle used during the preparation of dry gases to hold liquid or solutions that are employed as drying agents or in absorbing unwanted gases.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>CONICAL FLASK:<\/strong> It is commonly used during titration experiments. It is usually graduated and used to estimate the volume of a solution.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>FLAT AND ROUND BOTTOM FLASKS:<\/strong> They are made of glass and are mainly used for boiling especially during distillation experiments.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>STANDARD VOLUMETRIC FLASK:<\/strong>  It has a flat-bottom, pear-shaped and with a narrow neck. It is used in preparing standard solutions to a specific or definite volume.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>FUME CUPBOARD:<\/strong> It is usually a wooden cupboard with its front made of glass which can easily move up and down. It is used to prepare poisonous gases\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>DISTILLATION FLASK:<\/strong> It has a flat or round bottom with a slanting long side arm. It is used during distillation.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>BELL JAR<\/strong>: It is made of thick glass, cylindrical, tall and usually with a knob at the top. It is used in combustion experiments.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>GAS JAR:<\/strong>  It is made of thick glass, cylindrical, tall and sealed at the bottom. It is used for the collection of gas over water or dry gas\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>DROPPING BOTTLE OR DROPPING PIPETTE:<\/strong> It is used in keeping or transferring solutions or reagents that are required in drops during experiments.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>SPATULA:<\/strong> It is made of iron which looks like a spoon. It is used in transferring little quantity of solids into test tubes\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>BURETTE:<\/strong> It is used during titration experiments and also in transferring small volume of solution.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>RETORT STAND WITH CLAMP<\/strong>: It is used as support during experiments\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>DESSICATOR<\/strong>: It is used in keeping and drying solids in an atmosphere that is dry and free of dust.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>MEASURING CYLINDER<\/strong>: It is used to measure the volume of solutions.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>KIPPS APPARATUS<\/strong>: It is used in the intermittent supply of gases.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>WIRE GUAZE<\/strong>: It is used as a support for flasks during heating.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>FILTER FUNNEL<\/strong>: It is used in filling the burette or in supporting the filter paper during filtration.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>CONDENSER (LIEBIG)<\/strong>: It is used in cooling or condensing vapour into liquid during distillation or when refluxing.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>CENTRIFUGE<\/strong>: It is used in separating fine solid particles in a liquid.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>TEST-TUBE<\/strong>: It is used in qualitative analyses to hold reactants&#8217;\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><strong>SEPARATING FUNNEL: <\/strong>It is used in the separation of immiscible liquids.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>EVALUATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Mention ten (10) laboratory pieces of apparatus you know and their uses\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Define (a) Laboratory (b) Laboratory apparatus\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>IDENTIFICATION OF SOME LABORATORY APPARATUS<br \/>\n<\/strong><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100223_0624_Week2SS1Fi1.png\" alt=\"\"\/>Identify the laboratory apparatuses and laboratory set-up labeled A-I below:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100223_0624_Week2SS1Fi2.png\" alt=\"\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100223_0624_Week2SS1Fi3.png\" alt=\"\"\/><br \/>\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100223_0624_Week2SS1Fi4.png\" alt=\"\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100223_0624_Week2SS1Fi5.png\" alt=\"\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100223_0624_Week2SS1Fi6.png\" alt=\"\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100223_0624_Week2SS1Fi7.png\" alt=\"\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100223_0624_Week2SS1Fi8.png\" alt=\"\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100223_0624_Week2SS1Fi9.png\" alt=\"\"\/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-content\/uploads\/9jalessonsimages\/100223_0624_Week2SS1Fi10.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><br \/>\n\t\t<strong>LABORATORY SAFETY RULES<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Dress well for the laboratory: Wear lab coat, safety goggles, footwear and tie long hair back to avoid catching fire\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Keep pathways clear by placing items such as books and bags on the shelves or under the work table.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Do not taste or smell chemicals\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Unauthorized experiments or procedures must not be attempted\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Pay close attention to any cautions described in the laboratory exercise\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Do not leave your assigned laboratory station without the permission of the teacher\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Do not lean, hang over or sit on the laboratory tables\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Fooling around or &#8220;horse play&#8221; in the laboratory is absolutely forbidden\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Learn location of the fire extinguisher, eye wash station, first aid kit and safety shower.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Reports all accidents, injuries, and breakage of glass or equipment to instructor only.\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Always follow the instructions given by your teachers\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>No eating or drinking in the laboratory at any time!\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Leave your work station clean and in good order before leaving the laboratory\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>GENERAL EVALUATION<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>List ten safety measures in the laboratory\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>State the uses of: (a) Evaporating dish (b) Pipette (c) Retort stand (d) Measuring cylinder (e) Conical flask\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>READING ASSIGNMENT<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>Practical Chemistry for School and Collegs by G. O. Ojokuku pg 2-15\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>An apparatus in the laboratory in which the preparation of poisonous gases is done is called (a) distillation tank (b) Aspirator bottle (c) fume cupboard (d) bell jar\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>In the laboratory _______ is used for the collection of a gas over water (a) gas jar (b) Woulff&#8217;s    bottle (c) reagent bottle (d)burette\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Two liquids which are immiscible with each other can be separated using (a) bell jar (b) gas jar (c) wash bottle (d) separating funnel\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>An apparatus used to hold drying agents during the preparation of dry gases is (a) conical flask (b) gas jar (c) Woulff&#8217;s bottle (d) flat bottom flask\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Coloured reagent bottles are used to store reagents which are capable of _____ easily by sunlight  (a) evaporating (b) decomposing (c) dehydrating (d) dissolving\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>THEORY<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Define Laboratory\n<\/div>\n<p>b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0List five safety measures that must be taken when in the laboratory\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>State the use of the following apparatuses\n<\/div>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>Separating funnel\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Condenser\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0WEEK TWO TOPIC: LABORATORY FAMILIARIZATION CONTENT DEFINTION OF LABORATORY LABORATORY APPARATUS; MEANING, USES AND IDENTIFICATION&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,167],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1804","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts","category-first-term-ss1-chemistry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1804","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1804"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1804\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1805,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1804\/revisions\/1805"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1804"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1804"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1804"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}