{"id":1632,"date":"2023-09-29T11:31:37","date_gmt":"2023-09-29T11:31:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/ecole9ja\/?p=1632"},"modified":"2023-09-29T11:34:09","modified_gmt":"2023-09-29T11:34:09","slug":"week-6-jss-3-second-term-cultural-and-creative-arts-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/posts\/week-6-jss-3-second-term-cultural-and-creative-arts-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 6 – Jss 3 Second Term Cultural and Creative Arts Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"

SIGMA TERM E Note<\/strong>
\n\t\tSUBJECT;CULTURAL AND CREATIVE ARTS<\/strong>
\n\t\tCLASS ; J S S 3 WEEK 6 TOPIC; LETTERING<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n

\u00a0
\nLettering refers to the creation of hand-drawn letters to apply to an object or surface.
\nLettering includes\u00a0calligraphy\u00a0and lettering for purposes such as\u00a0blueprints\u00a0and\u00a0comic books, as well as decorative lettering such as\u00a0sign painting\u00a0and creating custom lettering graphics, for instance on\u00a0posters, for a\u00a0letterhead\u00a0or business\u00a0wordmark,\u00a0lettering in stone\u00a0or\u00a0graffiti.
\n\t\t\t<\/sup>\u00a0lettering may be drawn or applied using\u00a0stencils.
\nIn the past, almost all decorative lettering other than that on paper was created as custom or hand-painted lettering; the use of fonts in place of lettering has increased due to new printing methods and\u00a0phototypesetting\u00a0and\u00a0digital typesetting, which allow fonts to be printed at any desired size.
\n\t\t\t\t<\/sup>Letter cutting<\/strong> is a form of inscriptional architectural lettering closely related to monumental masonry and stone carving, often practiced by artists, sculptors, and typeface designers. Rather than traditional stone carving, where images and symbols are the dominant features, in letter cutting it is the beauty of the stone carver’s calligraphy that is the focus.
\n\t\t\t Calligraphy<\/strong>
\n\t\t\"\"\/
\n\t\tQuran\u00a0verses\u00a0on\u00a0Pictorial\u00a0carpet
\nCalligraphy<\/strong>\u00a0(from\u00a0Ancient Greek<\/strong>:\u00a0\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>\u00a0kallos<\/em>“beauty”\u00a0+\u00a0\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae<\/strong>\u00a0graph\u1ebd<\/em>\u00a0“writing”)\u00a0is\u00a0a\u00a0type\u00a0ofvisual art<\/strong>\u00a0related\u00a0to\u00a0writing<\/strong>.\u00a0It\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0design\u00a0andexecution\u00a0of\u00a0lettering\u00a0with\u00a0a\u00a0broad\u00a0tip\u00a0instrument\u00a0orbrush\u00a0in\u00a0one\u00a0stroke\u00a0(as\u00a0opposed\u00a0to\u00a0built\u00a0up\u00a0lettering,in\u00a0which\u00a0the\u00a0letters\u00a0are\u00a0drawn.)\u00a0(Mediavilla\u00a01996:\u00a017).A\u00a0contemporary\u00a0definition\u00a0of\u00a0calligraphic\u00a0practice\u00a0is”the\u00a0art\u00a0of\u00a0giving\u00a0form\u00a0to\u00a0signs\u00a0in\u00a0an\u00a0expressive,harmonious\u00a0and\u00a0skillful\u00a0manner”\u00a0(Mediavilla\u00a01996:\u00a018).The\u00a0story\u00a0of\u00a0writing\u00a0is\u00a0one\u00a0of\u00a0aesthetic\u00a0evolutionframed\u00a0within\u00a0the\u00a0technical\u00a0skills,\u00a0transmissionspeed(s)\u00a0and\u00a0material\u00a0limitations\u00a0of\u00a0a\u00a0person,\u00a0timeand\u00a0place\u00a0(Diringer\u00a01968:\u00a0441).\u00a0A\u00a0style\u00a0of\u00a0writing\u00a0isdescribed\u00a0as\u00a0a\u00a0script,\u00a0hand\u00a0or\u00a0alphabet\u00a0(Fraser\u00a0andKwiatkowski\u00a02006;\u00a0Johnston\u00a01909:\u00a0Plate\u00a06).
\nModern\u00a0calligraphy\u00a0ranges\u00a0from\u00a0functional\u00a0hand-lettered\u00a0inscriptions\u00a0and\u00a0designs\u00a0to\u00a0fine-art\u00a0pieceswhere\u00a0the\u00a0abstract\u00a0expression\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0handwrittenmark\u00a0may\u00a0or\u00a0may\u00a0not\u00a0compromise\u00a0the\u00a0legibility\u00a0of\u00a0theletters\u00a0(Mediavilla\u00a01996).\u00a0Classical\u00a0calligraphy\u00a0differsfrom\u00a0typography<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0non-classical\u00a0hand-lettering,though\u00a0a\u00a0calligrapher\u00a0may\u00a0create\u00a0all\u00a0of\u00a0these;characters\u00a0are\u00a0historically\u00a0disciplined\u00a0yet\u00a0fluid\u00a0andspontaneous,\u00a0at\u00a0the\u00a0moment\u00a0of\u00a0writing\u00a0(Pott\u00a02006\u00a0and2005;\u00a0Zapf\u00a02007\u00a0and\u00a02006).
\nCalligraphy\u00a0continues\u00a0to\u00a0flourish\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0forms\u00a0of\u00a0wedding<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0event\u00a0invitations,\u00a0fontdesign\/typography<\/strong>,\u00a0original\u00a0hand-lettered\u00a0logo\u00a0design,\u00a0religious\u00a0art,\u00a0announcements\/graphic design<\/strong>\/commissioned\u00a0calligraphic\u00a0art,\u00a0cut\u00a0stone\u00a0inscriptions\u00a0and\u00a0memorial\u00a0documents<\/strong>.\u00a0It\u00a0is\u00a0alsoused\u00a0for\u00a0props<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0moving\u00a0images\u00a0for\u00a0film\u00a0and\u00a0television,\u00a0testimonials<\/strong>,\u00a0birth<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0death\u00a0certificates,maps,\u00a0and\u00a0other\u00a0works\u00a0involving\u00a0writing\u00a0(see\u00a0for\u00a0example\u00a0Letter\u00a0Arts\u00a0Review;\u00a0Propfe\u00a02005;\u00a0Geddesand\u00a0Dion\u00a02004).\u00a0Some\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0finest\u00a0works\u00a0of\u00a0modern\u00a0calligraphy\u00a0are\u00a0charters\u00a0and\u00a0letters patent<\/strong>issued\u00a0by\u00a0monarchs<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0officers\u00a0of\u00a0state\u00a0in\u00a0various\u00a0countries.<\/p>\n

Western calligraphy
\n<\/h2>\n

Latin alphabet<\/strong>
\n\t\t\"\"\/
\n\t\tModern\u00a0Western\u00a0calligraphy<\/p>\n

Tools and techniques
\n<\/h3>\n

Tools
\n\"\"\/
\n\t\tA\u00a0calligraphic\u00a0pen\u00a0head,\u00a0with\u00a0parts\u00a0names.
\nThe\u00a0principal\u00a0tools\u00a0for\u00a0a\u00a0calligrapher\u00a0are\u00a0the\u00a0pen,which\u00a0may\u00a0be\u00a0flat-balled\u00a0or\u00a0round-nibbed,\u00a0and\u00a0thebrush\u00a0(Reaves\u00a0and\u00a0Schulte\u00a02006;\u00a0Child\u00a01985;\u00a0Lamb1956).\u00a0For\u00a0some\u00a0decorative\u00a0purposes,\u00a0multi-nibbedpens\u2014steel\u00a0brushes\u2014can\u00a0be\u00a0used.\u00a0However,\u00a0workshave\u00a0also\u00a0been\u00a0made\u00a0with\u00a0felt-tip\u00a0and\u00a0ballpoint pens<\/strong>,although\u00a0these\u00a0works\u00a0do\u00a0not\u00a0employ\u00a0angled\u00a0lines.\u00a0Inkfor\u00a0writing\u00a0is\u00a0usually\u00a0water-based\u00a0and\u00a0much\u00a0lessviscous\u00a0than\u00a0the\u00a0oil-based\u00a0inks\u00a0used\u00a0in\u00a0printing.\u00a0Highquality\u00a0paper,\u00a0which\u00a0has\u00a0good\u00a0consistency\u00a0ofporosity,\u00a0will\u00a0enable\u00a0cleaner\u00a0lines,[citation\u00a0needed<\/em>]<\/sup>although\u00a0parchment\u00a0or\u00a0vellum<\/em>\u00a0is\u00a0often\u00a0used,\u00a0as\u00a0a\u00a0knifecan\u00a0be\u00a0used\u00a0to\u00a0erase\u00a0work\u00a0on\u00a0them\u00a0and\u00a0a\u00a0light\u00a0box\u00a0isnot\u00a0needed\u00a0to\u00a0allow\u00a0lines\u00a0to\u00a0pass\u00a0through\u00a0it.\u00a0Inaddition,\u00a0light\u00a0boxes\u00a0and\u00a0templates\u00a0are\u00a0used\u00a0toachieve\u00a0straight\u00a0lines\u00a0without\u00a0pencil\u00a0markingsdetracting\u00a0from\u00a0the\u00a0work.\u00a0Ruled\u00a0paper,\u00a0either\u00a0for\u00a0alight\u00a0box\u00a0or\u00a0direct\u00a0use,\u00a0is\u00a0most\u00a0often\u00a0ruled\u00a0everyquarter\u00a0or\u00a0half\u00a0inch,\u00a0although\u00a0inch\u00a0spaces\u00a0areoccasionally\u00a0used,\u00a0such\u00a0as\u00a0with\u00a0litterea\u00a0unciales<\/em>(hence\u00a0the\u00a0name),\u00a0and\u00a0college\u00a0ruled\u00a0paper\u00a0acts\u00a0as\u00a0aguideline\u00a0often\u00a0as\u00a0well.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

SIGMA TERM E Note SUBJECT;CULTURAL AND CREATIVE ARTS CLASS ; J S S 3 WEEK…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,150],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts","category-second-term-jss3-fine-art"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1632","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1632"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1632\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1633,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1632\/revisions\/1633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1632"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1632"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}