{"id":1446,"date":"2023-09-29T07:55:13","date_gmt":"2023-09-29T07:55:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/ecole9ja\/?p=1446"},"modified":"2023-09-29T08:01:32","modified_gmt":"2023-09-29T08:01:32","slug":"week-1-jss-3-first-term-english-lesson-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/posts\/week-1-jss-3-first-term-english-lesson-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 1 &#8211; Jss 3 First Term English Lesson Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>ENGLISH STUDIES  JSS 3 E-NOTE-NOTE<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>    SCHEME OF WORK FIRST TERM<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>WEEK<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>1<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Revision<br \/>\n<\/strong>Grammar: Revision of parts of speech: Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs and Ajective<br \/>\nComposition: Informal Letter<br \/>\nLiterature \u2013 in \u2013 English: Introduction to Fiction and non fiction<br \/>\n2<br \/>\nSPEECH WORK: The Schwce sound \/ \/<br \/>\nGrammar: Expressing\/describing emotions(Verb+ preposition)<br \/>\nReading and comprehension: purpose<br \/>\nComposition: Informal Letter<br \/>\nLiterature \u2013 in \u2013 English: Poetry<br \/>\n3<br \/>\n<strong>SPEECH WORK: Stress and Intonation<br \/>\n<\/strong>Grammar: Adverbs of Frequency<br \/>\nComprehension: Reading<br \/>\nComposition: Writing a Story<br \/>\nLiterature \u2013 in \u2013 English: Reading of recommended prose text<br \/>\n4<br \/>\n<strong>SPEECH WORK: Consonant \/3\/ and \/d3\/<br \/>\n<\/strong>Grammar: Changing positive statement to negative<br \/>\nReading and comprehension: critical reading:<br \/>\nLiterature in English: Introduction to rhyme scheme<br \/>\n5<br \/>\n<strong>SPEECH WORK: consonant sounds\/d\/,\/0\/,\/z\/<br \/>\n<\/strong>Grammar: Modal forms&#8211;will,can,could,etc<br \/>\nReading and comprehension: reading to identify the meanings of words in various contexts<br \/>\nComposition: Revisit the formal and informal letter<br \/>\nLiterature \u2013 in \u2013 English: Use the recommended text on Drama (ii) Theme\/setting in the recommended text<br \/>\n6<br \/>\n<strong>SPEECH WORK: Contrasting \/3:\/ and \/c\/<br \/>\n<\/strong>Grammar: Adjectives and Adverbs<br \/>\nReading and comprehension: reading to identify the facts and opinions in a given passage<br \/>\nComposition: Formal Letter<br \/>\nLiterature \u2013 in \u2013 English: use recommended text on Drama, (ii) characterization and plot in the recommended text<br \/>\n7<br \/>\n<strong>SPEECH WORK: The consonant sound \/\/ and \/\/ (contrastion)<br \/>\n<\/strong>Grammar: Adverbs of place and manner<br \/>\nReading and comprehension \u2013 reading to explain the facts and opinions in a selected passage<br \/>\nComposition: Debate<br \/>\nLiterature \u2013 in \u2013 English: Rhyme scheme<br \/>\n8<br \/>\n<strong>SPEECH WORK: the consonant<br \/>\n<\/strong>Grammar: Idiomatic expression<br \/>\nReading and comprehension: refer for week 6<br \/>\nComposition: descriptive essay \u2013 My favourite Subject<br \/>\nLiterature \u2013 in \u2013 English: Revision<br \/>\n9<br \/>\nSPEECH WORKS: The consonant sound \/w\/ and \/j\/<br \/>\nGrammar: Adverbs of cause and reason<br \/>\nReading and comprehension: A revision of week 4<br \/>\nComposition: Debate<br \/>\nLiterature \u2013 in \u2013 English: Revision of the recommended text (ii) Revision on literary terms<br \/>\n10<br \/>\nREVISION<br \/>\n11<br \/>\nTEST<br \/>\n12 \u2013 13<br \/>\nEXAMINATION <\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0WEEK ONE (1)<br \/>\nGrammar: Part of speech.<br \/>\nContent:<br \/>\nWhat is a Part of Speech?<br \/>\nA part of speech is a group of words that are used in a certain way. For example, &#8220;run,&#8221; &#8220;jump,&#8221; and &#8220;be&#8221; are all used to describe actions\/states. Therefore they belong to the VERBS group. In other words, all words in the English language are divided into eight different categories. Each category has a different role\/ function in the sentence.<br \/>\nThe English parts of speech are:<br \/>\nNouns , pronouns , adjectives , verbs , adverbs , prepositions , conjunctions and interjections .<br \/>\nIn the English language many words are used in more than one way. This means that a word can function as several different parts of speech.<br \/>\nFor example, in the sentence &#8220;I would like a drink &#8221; the word &#8220;drink&#8221; is a noun. However, in the sentence &#8220;They drink too much&#8221; the word &#8220;drink&#8221; is a verb . So it all depends on the word&#8217;s role in the sentence.<br \/>\n                                Nouns:<br \/>\nA noun is a word that names a person, a place or a thing.<br \/>\nExamples:<br \/>\nSarah, lady, cat, New York, Canada, room, school, football, reading.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\n(1) People like to go to the beach.<br \/>\n(2) Emma passed the test.<br \/>\n(3) My parents are traveling to Japan next month .<br \/>\nThe word &#8220;noun&#8221; comes from the Latin word nomen, which means &#8220;name,&#8221; and nouns are indeed how we name people, places and things.<br \/>\n                                           Types of Nouns<br \/>\n(1) Abstract Nouns:<br \/>\nAn abstract noun is a noun that names an idea, not a physical thing.<br \/>\nExamples: Hope, interest, love, peace, ability, success, knowledge, trouble.<br \/>\n(2)Concrete Nouns:                                                                                                                                                     A concrete noun is a noun that names a physical thing.<br \/>\nExamples: Boy, table, floor, coffee, beach, king, rain, children, professor.<br \/>\n(3) Common Nouns:<br \/>\nA common noun is a noun that names a general thing, not a specific thing.<br \/>\nExamples: Boy, girl, city, country, company, planet, location, war.<br \/>\n(4) Proper Nouns:<br \/>\nA proper noun is a noun that indicates the specific name of a thing. It begins with a capital letter.<br \/>\nExamples: Robin, Alice, London, Sweden, Google, Earth, Eiffel Tower, Civil War.<br \/>\n(5) Countable Nouns:<br \/>\nA countable noun is a noun that indicates something you could actually count.<br \/>\nFor example, you could count pigs: one pig, two pigs, three pigs&#8230; However, you couldn&#8217;t count water : one water, two water \u2013 no, it doesn&#8217;t work&#8230; A countable noun has both a singular and a plural form, and it can be used with the indefinite articles (a\/an) .<br \/>\nExamples: Window, teacher, tree, lion, eye, cloud, pencil, heart, movie.<br \/>\n(5) Uncountable Nouns:<br \/>\nAn uncountable noun is a noun that indicates something you cannot count.<br \/>\nFor example, you could count pigs: one pig, two pigs, three pigs&#8230; However, you couldn&#8217;t count water : one water, two water \u2013 no, it doesn&#8217;t work&#8230;<br \/>\nAn uncountable noun has only one form (no plural), and it cannot be used with the indefinite articles (a\/an) .<br \/>\nExamples: Furniture, advice, mail, news, equipment, luggage, work, coffee, information.<\/p>\n<p>Pronouns:<br \/>\nA pronoun is a word that is used instead of a noun . For example, you could say, &#8220;Lisa is a nice girl.&#8221; Then you could replace the noun &#8220;Lisa&#8221; with the word &#8220;She&#8221; and get the following sentence: &#8220;She is a nice girl.&#8221; &#8220;She&#8221; is a pronoun .<br \/>\nExamples: I, he, it, we, them, us, mine, itself.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\n(1) He doesn&#8217;t want go with them .<br \/>\n(2) Would they help us?<br \/>\n(3) His house is bigger than ours.<br \/>\n(4) Who is she ?<br \/>\nThe word &#8220;pronoun&#8221; comes from &#8220;pro&#8221; (in the meaning of &#8220;substitute&#8221;) + &#8220;noun.&#8221;<br \/>\n                                                Types of Pronouns<br \/>\n(A) Personal Pronouns:<br \/>\nPersonal pronouns represent people or things. The personal pronouns are: I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, us, them.<br \/>\n(2) Demonstrative Pronouns:<br \/>\n&#8220;Demonstrative&#8221; means &#8220;showing, making something clear.&#8221; Demonstrative pronouns point to things. The demonstrative pronouns are: this, that, these, those.<br \/>\nUse &#8220;this&#8221; and &#8220;these&#8221; to talk about things that are near in space or in time.<br \/>\nUse &#8220;that&#8221; and &#8220;those&#8221; to talk about things that are farther away in space or time.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\n(1) This cannot go on.<br \/>\n(2) That was beautiful!<br \/>\n(3) He wanted those, but decided to compromise on these .<br \/>\n(B)Interrogative Pronouns:<br \/>\n&#8220;Interrogative&#8221; means &#8220;used in questions.&#8221; Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. The interrogative pronouns are: who, whom, which, what, whoever, whatever, etc.<br \/>\nUse &#8220;who&#8221; and &#8220;whom&#8221; to talk about people.<br \/>\nUse &#8220;which&#8221; and &#8220;what&#8221; to talk about animals and things.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\n(1) Who is your father?<br \/>\n(2) Whom did you speak to?<br \/>\n(3) Which bag did you buy?<br \/>\n(4) What are my choices?<br \/>\n(C) Possessive Pronouns:<br \/>\n&#8220;Possessive&#8221; means &#8220;showing ownership.&#8221; Possessive pronouns indicate that something belongs to somebody\/something. The possessive pronouns are: my, your, his, her, its, our, their, mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\n(1) I&#8217;ve lost my wallet.<br \/>\n(2) He married his girlfriend.<br \/>\n(3) This place is theirs.<br \/>\n(4) Is that cat yours?<br \/>\n(5) My car is slow. Hers is much faster.<br \/>\n(D) Relative Pronouns:<br \/>\n&#8220;Relative&#8221; means &#8220;connected with something.&#8221; Relative pronouns are pronouns that link different parts of a sentence. The relative pronouns are: who, whom, which, that, whoever, etc.<br \/>\nExamples sentences:<br \/>\n(1) The girl who called yesterday came to see you.<br \/>\n(2) The teacher whom you wrote has answered your questions.<br \/>\n(3) She lives in Kiev, which is the capital city of Ukraine.<br \/>\n(4) I really liked the book that you gave me.<\/p>\n<p>(E) Reflexive Pronouns:<br \/>\n&#8220;Reflexive&#8221; means &#8220;going back to itself.&#8221; Reflexive pronouns show that the action affects the person who performs the action. Reflexive pronouns end in &#8220;-self&#8221; (singular) or &#8220;-selves&#8221; (plural). The reflexive pronouns are: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\n(1) He cut himself while shaving.<br \/>\n(2) I sent myself to bed.<br \/>\n(3) He could hurt himself!<br \/>\n(4)We must help ourselves.<br \/>\n(5) She trusts herself .<\/p>\n<p>(F) Intensive Pronouns:<br \/>\n&#8220;Intensive&#8221; means &#8220;giving force or emphasis.&#8221; An intensive pronoun is a pronoun used for emphasis. In other words, intensive pronouns emphasize the subject of the sentence. They are written exactly the same way as the reflexive pronouns, but their function is different.<br \/>\nExamples.<br \/>\n(1) I myself baked the cake.<br \/>\n(2) The queen herself recommended this restaurant.<br \/>\n(3) Have you yourself been there?<br \/>\n(4) The project itself wasn&#8217;t difficult.<br \/>\n(5) We will do it ourselves .<\/p>\n<p>(G) Reciprocal Pronouns:<br \/>\nReciprocal means that two people or groups do the same thing to each other. They treat each other in the same way. For example, Joe loves Kate, and Kate loves Joe. So we can say,<br \/>\n&#8220;Kate and Joe love each other.&#8221;<br \/>\nAnother example: Mike helps Lucy, and Lucy helps Mike. So we can say, &#8220;Mike and Lucy help each other.&#8221;<br \/>\nThere are two reciprocal pronouns in English:<br \/>\nEach other and one another.<br \/>\nThe cat and the dog like each other .<br \/>\nThe two politicians hate each other .<br \/>\nWe must stop fighting one another.<br \/>\nThey gave each other Christmas presents.<br \/>\nThey can&#8217;t hear one another.<\/p>\n<p>(H) Indefinite Pronouns:<br \/>\n&#8220;Indefinite&#8221; means &#8220;not exact, not limited.&#8221; Indefinite pronouns are pronouns that do not refer to any specific person or thing.<br \/>\nExamples:<br \/>\nAnything, everybody, another, each, few, many, none, some.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\nMany have died during the war.<br \/>\nCan anyone call her?<br \/>\nEverybody wants to see you.<br \/>\nSomething can be done to help.<br \/>\n(I) Adjectives:<br \/>\nAn adjective is a word that describes a person or thing.<br \/>\nExamples: Big, pretty, expensive, green, round, French, loud, quick, fat.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\nHe has big blue eyes.<br \/>\nThe new car broke down.<br \/>\nThe old lady was talking in a quiet voice.<br \/>\nThe word &#8220;adjective&#8221; comes from the Latin word jacere, which means &#8220;to throw.&#8221;<br \/>\n                                        Types of adjectives<br \/>\nAdjectives can be divided into several types: Opinion Nice, pretty, stupid, original, expensive, etc.<br \/>\nSize<br \/>\nBig, small, large, tiny, enormous, little, etc.<br \/>\nAge<br \/>\nYoung, old, new, ancient, antique, etc.<br \/>\nShape<br \/>\nRound, square, flat, straight, etc.<br \/>\nColor<br \/>\nBlue, red, white, black, dark, bright, yellowish, etc.<br \/>\nOrigin<br \/>\nItalian, British, Mexican, western, southern, etc.<br \/>\nMaterial<br \/>\nMetal, wooden, plastic, golden, etc.<br \/>\n(J) Determiners:<br \/>\nA determiner is a word that comes before a noun to show which person or thing you are talking about.<br \/>\nExamples: A, an , the , my, your, some, any, several, enough, any.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\nI have a red hat.<br \/>\nPlease give me my bag.<br \/>\nSome people decided to leave.<br \/>\nShe doesn&#8217;t want any money.<br \/>\nThey watched several movies.<br \/>\nSome people consider determiners to be a type of adjective. What&#8217;s special about determiners is that you usually can use only one determiner at a time.<br \/>\nIncorrect: He has the my ticket.<br \/>\nCorrect: He has my ticket \/ He has the ticket.<br \/>\nNouns that act like adjectives. Sometimes nouns function as adjectives. In other words, they come before another noun and describe it.<br \/>\nExamples:<br \/>\nSports car<br \/>\nOrange juice<br \/>\nTelevision station<br \/>\nCoffee shop<br \/>\nBook cover<br \/>\nThe order of adjectives<br \/>\nA noun can have several adjectives describing it.<br \/>\nExamples:<br \/>\n&#8220;She bought a new red Italian table.&#8221;<br \/>\n&#8220;He is a great , successful father.&#8221;<br \/>\nThere are certain rules on the correct order of those adjectives. This is the order you should generally follow: Determiner -&gt; opinion -&gt; size -&gt; age -&gt; shape -&gt; color -&gt; origin -&gt; material -&gt; a word describing purpose\/function<br \/>\nExamples:<br \/>\nA nice little coffee shop<br \/>\n(Determiner -&gt; opinion -&gt; size -&gt; purpose\/function word)<br \/>\nMy huge new swimming pool<br \/>\n(Determiner -&gt; size -&gt; age -&gt; purpose\/function word)<br \/>\nSeveral Chinese plastic cups<br \/>\n(Determiner -&gt; origin -&gt; material)<br \/>\nThe round yellow ball<br \/>\n(Determiner -&gt; shape -&gt; colour )<br \/>\nAdjectives of the same type:<br \/>\nWhen you have several adjectives of the same type, you should separate them with commas or a conjunction (and, but).<br \/>\nExamples:<br \/>\nA cheap , good meal<br \/>\nA happy, smart man<br \/>\nThe beautiful , original painting<br \/>\nMy nice and sweet cat<br \/>\nAn expensive but important trip<br \/>\nComparative adjectives<br \/>\n&#8220;Comparative&#8221; means &#8220;comparing something to something else.&#8221; Comparative adjective show us which thing is better, worse, stronger, weaker, and so forth.<br \/>\nExamples:<br \/>\nBetter, worse, bigger, smaller, nicer, fatter, thinner, more dangerous.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\nShe is a better student than her brothers.<br \/>\nThe test was worse than I&#8217;d expected.<br \/>\nYou are stronger than me.<br \/>\nHe seems healthier .<br \/>\nYou are more beautiful than her.<\/p>\n<p>Superlative adjectives<br \/>\n&#8220;Superlative&#8221; means &#8220;of the highest degree.&#8221; Superlative adjectives show us which thing is the best, the strongest, and so forth.<br \/>\nExamples:<br \/>\nBest, worst, strongest, smallest, cheapest, most expensive.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\nYou are my best friend.<br \/>\nThis is the worst day of my life.<br \/>\nEven the smallest donation helps.<br \/>\nThis is the most expensive restaurant I&#8217;ve ever heard of.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0Verbs:<br \/>\nA verb is a word or group of words that express an action or a state.<br \/>\nExamples:<br \/>\nGo, jump, sleep, eat, think, be, change, become, drive, complete.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\nWe had a nice lunch.<br \/>\nI think that he is right.<br \/>\nHe drove for hours.<br \/>\nThe word &#8220;verb&#8221; comes for the Latin word verbum , which means &#8220;word.&#8221;<br \/>\nAuxiliary Verbs (also called &#8220;helping verbs&#8221;): auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) and compound verbs.<br \/>\nAuxiliary verbs are verbs that are used together with the main verb of the sentence to express the action or state.<br \/>\nMain verb + auxiliary verb = complete idea. The main auxiliary verbs are: be, am, is, are, was, were, do, did, have, has, had.,<br \/>\nExample sentences (the auxiliary verb is in bold, and the main verb is underlined):<br \/>\nThey are jogging .<br \/>\nShe was sitting .<br \/>\nWe were waiting for hours.<br \/>\nIs she sleeping ?<br \/>\nHe didn&#8217;t know the answer.<br \/>\nWe have gone a long way.<br \/>\nHas she received any of my letters?<br \/>\nDo you smoke?<br \/>\nWill she help ?<br \/>\nCompound Verbs: A compound verb = auxiliary verb + main verb.<br \/>\nExamples: was playing, has eaten, doesn&#8217;t want.<br \/>\nThey were discussing their future.<br \/>\nHe didn&#8217;t tell us the truth.<br \/>\nI have finished my homework.<br \/>\nShe will meet us there.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0Stative Verbs: Stative verbs are verbs that express a state rather than an action.<br \/>\nExamples: be, seem, love, own, want, sound, have, know, understand.<br \/>\nExamples sentences:<br \/>\nShe is a great wife.<br \/>\nHe seems rather strange.<br \/>\nHe wanted to see you.<br \/>\nThat sounds awesome!<br \/>\nWe have enough things to do.<br \/>\nStative verbs are usually not used in the progressive tenses.<br \/>\nExamples:<br \/>\nIncorrect: He is wanting to see you.<br \/>\nCorrect: He wants to see you.<br \/>\nIncorrect: I am knowing what to do.<br \/>\nCorrect: I know what to do.<br \/>\nIncorrect: They are seeming nice.<br \/>\nCorrect: They seem nice.<br \/>\nHowever, if the same verb is used to describe an actual action (not a state), then it can be used in the progressive tenses.<br \/>\nExample:<br \/>\nWhen the verb &#8220;have&#8221; means &#8220;own&#8221; \u2013 it is a state. So we do not use it in the progressive tenses.<br \/>\nIncorrect: I am having a laptop.<br \/>\nCorrect: I have a laptop.<br \/>\nWhen the verb &#8220;have&#8221; means &#8220;eat&#8221; \u2013 it is an actual action. So we can use it in the progressive tenses.<br \/>\nCorrect: I am having lunch with Kate.<br \/>\nCorrect: I have lunch with Kate.<br \/>\nDynamic Verbs<br \/>\nDynamic verbs are the opposite of stative verbs. They express a real action.<br \/>\nExamples:<br \/>\nJump, swim, catch, write, call, sleep, hit, open, speak.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\nThey swam to the other side.<br \/>\nShe hit me on the head!<br \/>\nOpen the window, please.<br \/>\nThe dynamic verbs can be used in the progressive tenses.<br \/>\nCorrect: He is drinking water.<br \/>\nCorrect: He drinks water.<br \/>\nRegular Verbs<br \/>\nRegular verbs are verbs that follow this rule: Past form of the verb = present form of the verb + ed \/ d.<br \/>\nExamples:<br \/>\nPast form of &#8220;check&#8221; = check + ed = checked.<br \/>\nPast form of &#8220;open&#8221; = open + ed = opened.<br \/>\nPast form of &#8220;bake&#8221; = bake + d = baked.<br \/>\nThere are certain rules to adding &#8220;d&#8221; or &#8220;ed&#8221; to a verb. Read about them in the Regular Verbs and Irregular Verbs section .<br \/>\nIrregular Verbs<br \/>\nIrregular verbs are verbs that do not follow the above rule, and there are quite a lot of them!<br \/>\nExamples:<br \/>\nPast form of &#8220;drink&#8221; = drank.<br \/>\nPast form of &#8220;sleep&#8221; = slept.<br \/>\nPast form of &#8220;bring&#8221; = brought.<br \/>\nPhrasal Verbs:<br \/>\nA phrasal verb is a verb that is combined with an adverb or a preposition. The combination creates a new meaning.<br \/>\nExamples:<br \/>\nRun = to move very quickly with your legs. (&#8220;She can run fast!&#8221;)<br \/>\nInto = in the direction of something. (&#8220;He looked into my eyes.&#8221;)<br \/>\nRun into = to meet someone by accident. (&#8220;I ran into Joe yesterday.&#8221;)<br \/>\nMake = to create or do something. (&#8220;He made a lot of noise.&#8221;)<br \/>\nUp = to a higher point. (&#8220;Look up !&#8221;)<br \/>\nMake up = invent (a story, an excuse). (&#8220;It never happened. He made the whole thing up !&#8221;)<br \/>\nPut = to place something somewhere. (&#8220;Could you put this upstairs?&#8221;)<br \/>\nUp = to a higher point. (&#8220;Look up !&#8221;)<br \/>\nWith = concerning (&#8220;She is happy with her workplace.&#8221;)<br \/>\nPut up with = to tolerate. (&#8220;I cannot put up with his behavior any more!&#8221;)<br \/>\nAdverbs:<br \/>\nAn adverb is a word that describes or gives more information about a verb , an adjectiv another adverb, or even the entire sentence. Adverbs usually answer the following questions:<br \/>\nWhere? Home. (&#8220;I went home.&#8221;)<br \/>\nWhen? Yesterday . (&#8220;We met yesterday .&#8221;)<br \/>\nHow? Slowly . (&#8220;The turtle moves slowly .&#8221;)<br \/>\nHow often? Sometimes. (&#8220;Sometimes it stops responding.&#8221;)<br \/>\nHow long? Temporarily. (&#8220;She is staying with us temporarily.&#8221;)<br \/>\nHow likely? Surely. (&#8220;Our team will surely win!&#8221;)<br \/>\nTo what degree? Very . (&#8220;She was very pleased.&#8221;)<br \/>\nAn adverb can describe a verb:<br \/>\nShe runs quickly.<br \/>\nAn adverb can describe an adjective:<br \/>\nShe is so beautiful .<br \/>\nAn adverb can describe another adverb:<br \/>\nShe smokes very rarely .<br \/>\nAn adverb can describe an entire sentence:<br \/>\nNaturally, you don&#8217;t have to come.<br \/>\nThe word &#8220;adverb&#8221; comes for the Latin ad- (in addition) and verbum (word).<br \/>\nIn many cases (but not always!) adverbs have the following form:<br \/>\nAdjective + &#8220;-ly&#8221;<br \/>\nExamples:<br \/>\nQuick + ly = quickly<br \/>\nStrange + ly = strangely<br \/>\nDead + ly = deadly<br \/>\nSudden + ly = suddenly<br \/>\nClever + ly = cleverly<br \/>\nBrave + ly = bravely<br \/>\nReal + ly = really<br \/>\nWhen an adjective ends with &#8220;y&#8221; replace the &#8220;y&#8221; with an &#8220;i&#8221;:<br \/>\nHeavy + ly = heavi + ly = heavily<br \/>\nHappy + ly = happi + ly = happily<br \/>\nWhen the adjective ends with an &#8220;e&#8221; drop the &#8220;e&#8221;:<br \/>\nTrue + ly = tru + ly = truly<br \/>\nHowever, there are many adverbs that do not end in &#8220;-ly&#8221;: Fast, very, hard, home, just, too, well, never, sometimes, and so forth. We can divide English adverbs into several categories:<br \/>\nAdverbs of degree , adverbs of manner, adverbs of place , adverbs of time , adverbs of frequency, adverbs of duration , adverbs of probability , comparative adverbs and superlative adverbs.<br \/>\nAdverbs of degree<br \/>\nAdverbs of degree show us the strength or degree of the action or state. They answer the following questions: How much? To what degree?<br \/>\nExamples:<br \/>\nVery, highly, totally, perfectly, partially, almost.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\nHe is very concerned with you.<br \/>\nYou are totally right.<br \/>\nWe almost made it to the train.<br \/>\nAdverbs of manner<br \/>\nAdverbs of manner show us the way the action is done. They answer the following question: How?<br \/>\nExamples: Well, badly, nicely, slowly, loudly, quietly, happily, sadly, secretly, weakly.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\nHe handled the situation well .<br \/>\nShe listened secretly to their conversation.<br \/>\nThe children ran happily to their father.<br \/>\nAdverbs of place<br \/>\nAdverbs of place show us the location of the action or state. They answer the following question: Where?<br \/>\nExamples: Home, here, there, outside, inside, away, around, anywhere, abroad, up, down, out.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\nWe are here .<br \/>\nHe went home .<br \/>\nWe found him outside.<br \/>\nShe looked up .<br \/>\nAdverbs of time<br \/>\nAdverbs of time show us the time of the action or state. They answer the following question: When?<br \/>\nExamples:<br \/>\nNow, soon, later, yesterday, tomorrow, early, before, lately, recently.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\nLet&#8217;s talk now.<br \/>\nI will do it later .<br \/>\nHe promised to write back soon .<br \/>\nWhat are you doing tomorrow ?<br \/>\nWe haven&#8217;t met before .<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0Adverbs of frequency<\/p>\n<p>Adverbs of frequency show us the frequency of the action or state. They answer the following question: How often?<br \/>\nExamples:<br \/>\nAlways, never, sometimes, often, rarely, usually, occasionally.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\nI always brush my teeth after a meal.<br \/>\nWe often meet and chat.<br \/>\nHe is usually here on time.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0Adverbs of duration<br \/>\nAdverbs of duration show us the length of the action or state. They answer the following question: For how long?<br \/>\nExamples: Forever, constantly, temporarily, briefly.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\nHe is working there temporarily .<br \/>\nWe spoke briefly .<br \/>\nI will be forever grateful.<\/p>\n<p>Adverbs of probability<br \/>\nAdverbs of probability show us the chances for the action or state to happen. They answer the following question: How likely?<br \/>\nExamples: Certainly, maybe, probably, possibly, surely.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\nShe will certainly forget about it.<br \/>\nMaybe we&#8217;ll come after all.<br \/>\nIt will probably not work.<br \/>\nSurely you are not serious!<br \/>\nComparative adverbs<br \/>\n&#8220;Comparative&#8221; means &#8220;comparing something to something else.&#8221; Comparative adverbs show us which action or state is better, worse, stronger, weaker, and so forth.<br \/>\nExamples: more, less, better, worse, faster, slower, farther, closer.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\nMaggie works out more seriously than Donna.<br \/>\nShe eats less than her friends.<br \/>\nYou are better than this.<br \/>\nWe couldn&#8217;t go slower even if we wanted to.<br \/>\nLet&#8217;s get closer.<br \/>\nSuperlative adverbs<br \/>\n&#8220;Superlative&#8221; means &#8220;of the highest degree.&#8221; Superlative adverbs show us which action or state is the best, the strongest, and so forth.<br \/>\nExamples: Best, most, least, worst, strongest, fastest, slowest.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\nHe knows best .<br \/>\nIt was the most boring experience.<br \/>\nHe shouted the loudest so he won.<br \/>\nHe ran the slowest so he lost.<br \/>\nPrepositions:<br \/>\nA preposition is a word that is used before a noun or a pronoun to connect it to another word in the sentence. It is usually used to show location, direction, time, and so forth.<br \/>\nExamples: On, in, at, by, under, above, beside, to, out, from, for.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\nI sat on the floor.<br \/>\nLet&#8217;s go into the house.<br \/>\nWe will meet at four o&#8217;clock.<br \/>\nHave a look under the couch.<br \/>\nHe went to school.<br \/>\nThis letter is for you.<br \/>\nThe word &#8220;preposition&#8221; comes from the Latin word praeponere (put before). So prepositions usually come before the noun\/pronoun.<br \/>\nConjunctions:<br \/>\nA conjunction is a word that joins parts of a sentence together.<br \/>\nExamples: And, but, or, because, so.<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\nI want to come, but I can&#8217;t.<br \/>\nShe is smart and beautiful.<br \/>\nWould you like a cat or a dog?<br \/>\nHe didn&#8217;t pass the test because he didn&#8217;t understand the subject.<br \/>\nWe were hungry, so we ordered pizza.<br \/>\nThe word &#8220;conjunction&#8221; comes from the Latin word conjungere (join together)<br \/>\nInterjections:<br \/>\nAn interjection is a short sound, word or phrase used to express the speaker&#8217;s emotion.<br \/>\nExamples: Oh! Look out! Ow! Hey! Wow! Ah! Um&#8230;<br \/>\nExample sentences:<br \/>\nWow , that&#8217;s amazing!<br \/>\nAh , that was a good meal.<br \/>\nUm &#8230; I&#8217;m not sure what to say.<br \/>\nOh dear ! What happened?<br \/>\nHello! How are you doing?<br \/>\nWell, that&#8217;s an option too.<br \/>\nThe word &#8220;interjection&#8221; comes from the Latin word interjicere (throw between).<br \/>\n \u2013 Assignment<br \/>\nLook at the word in bold.Indicate the part of speech they belong to<br \/>\n1. I like ice-cream. Part of speech:<br \/>\n2. Daniel is moving to Florida. Part of speech:<br \/>\n3. The cat keeps fighting with the dog. Part of speech:<br \/>\n4. Hey , this is mine! Part of speech:<br \/>\n5. He bought a new hat and a new shirt. Part of speech:<br \/>\n6. She handled it very smoothly. Part of speech:<br \/>\n7. This is the most beautiful view I&#8217;ve ever seen. Part of speech:<br \/>\n8. You should be able to fix it. Part of speech:<br \/>\n9. Obviously , you will not be alone. Part of speech:<br \/>\n10. Hi , it&#8217;s good to see you. Part of speech:<br \/>\n11. Reading is important. Part of speech:<br \/>\n12. This is for you. Part of speech:<br \/>\n13. He is the best in the area. Part of speech:<br \/>\n14. He probably hates himself now. Part of speech:<br \/>\n15. He is good looking, but is he smart? Part of speech:<br \/>\n16. I am ready. Part of speech<br \/>\nLiterature in English:<br \/>\nTopic:Introduction to Fiction and non fiction<br \/>\nContent:<br \/>\nFiction vs Non fiction<br \/>\nFiction is not true and non-fiction is true. This is the simplest way of defining fiction and non-fiction. Non-fiction involves real things, real people, real events, real places and real writing. However, fiction is just imaginary things, imaginary people, imaginary events, imaginary places and imaginary writing. While a writer based on his imagination creates Fiction, non- fiction is not created but only written based on facts. While Non-fiction focuses on ideas or events that actually took place, fiction tends to be focussing on imaginary ideas and events. Coming to the characters, non-fiction deals with real people and fiction only creates characters. If some thing is said to have happened in real places, whether in the past or present, then it is non-fiction. But if something is said to have taken place in a fake place, then it is fiction. A big difference is that fictions are made up stories and Non- fictions are entirely fact-based writings. Fictions are just entertainers and on the other hand non-fictions are informative. Autobiography , history books and journals are examples of non-fictions. Novels, short stories, films are all fictions. Fiction is made out of nothing and on the other hand non-fiction comes out of something.<\/p>\n<p>A fiction writer intends to make the audience believe that the whole things, which they read, or view, are occurring. But a non-fiction writer cannot indulge in such a thing. Fiction writers create stories without any commitment to their readers. They only elaborate on their ideas and views. A non-fiction writer cannot pour out his own imaginations. Non-fiction can be called as a prosaic piece of literature, which talks about various topics, which are relevant for every one. Fiction on the other hand elucidates on our imagination. When Fiction is more symbolic, non-fiction is straightforward, fiction is artificial as it is created from one&#8217;s own imagination. Non-fiction is natural as it deals with events that had actually taken place. Fiction is an invented story where as non-fiction deals with existing facts. Fiction is a reflection of the writer&#8217;s imagination. Meanwhile, non-fiction is a recollection of facts. Fiction tends to be more elaborate and descriptive; non-fiction tends to say only that is necessary to establish a fact or idea. A fiction writer can run his imagination free where as non-fiction writer cannot. Simplicity, directness and clarity are most important in non- fiction works. While a fiction leaves the imagination to audience or readers and they can have their own interpretations.<br \/>\nSummary<br \/>\n1. Fiction is not true and non-fiction is true<br \/>\n2. While Non-fiction focuses on ideas or events that actually took place, fiction tends to be focusing on imaginary ideas and events.<br \/>\n3. Fictions are made up stories and Non-fictions are entirely fact-based writings.<br \/>\n4. Fictions are just entertainers and on the other hand non- fictions are informative<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ENGLISH STUDIES JSS 3 E-NOTE-NOTE SCHEME OF WORK FIRST TERM WEEK 1 Revision Grammar: Revision&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,134],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1446","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts","category-first-term-jss-3-english"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1446","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1446"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1446\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1447,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1446\/revisions\/1447"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1446"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1446"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1446"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}