{"id":1087,"date":"2023-09-27T11:54:18","date_gmt":"2023-09-27T11:54:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/ecole9ja\/?p=1087"},"modified":"2023-09-27T11:56:42","modified_gmt":"2023-09-27T11:56:42","slug":"week-5-jss-2-second-term-civic-education-lesson-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/posts\/week-5-jss-2-second-term-civic-education-lesson-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Week 5 &#8211; Jss 2 Second Term Civic Education Lesson Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>WEEK FIVE:  Protection Of Human Rights And Rule Of Law<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4>Defining Human Rights<br \/>\n<\/h4>\n<p>As we said above, there is no agreed-upon definition of human rights. They can be thought of as rights that protect especially urgent moral concerns of humans that are: (a) universal, i.e., applying to every human and (b) apply equally, meaning everyone has the same human rights \u2014 to life and liberty, for example. Notice that &#8220;inalienable&#8221; is not included in the definition.<br \/>\nMany people believe that at least some human rights can be forfeited by certain actions, especially by committing crimes, and that some human rights can be overridden under certain rare circumstances. For instance, it might be morally acceptable to quarantine someone for a limited period of time if she is infected with a highly contagious deadly disease, although generally people are thought to have the right to liberty.<br \/>\nThe theories of human rights&#8217; origins are contentious. The\u00a0Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)\u00a0asserts that &#8220;all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.&#8221; It goes on to designate a long list of rights including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the right to life, liberty, and security of person,\n<\/li>\n<li>the right not to be tortured,\n<\/li>\n<li>the right to due process and equal treatment before the law,\n<\/li>\n<li>freedom of thought, opinion, expression, conscience, and religion,\n<\/li>\n<li>the right to participate in his or her countries&#8217; government\n<\/li>\n<li>the right to work, and an adequate standard of living\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Human Rights Protection<br \/>\n<\/h3>\n<p>Methods of guaranteeing human rights vary with the sort of human right being violated, and how the violation occurs. Generally, states are assumed to have primary responsibility for guaranteeing their citizens&#8217; human rights, but, at the same time, states are often the worst violators of human rights. Since World War II, however, states have consented to a number of institutions and treaties that limit their\u00a0sovereign\u00a0internal and external powers. For instance,\u00a0the UN Charter, the\u00a0Genocide Convention, and the\u00a0International Criminal Court\u00a0all limit the powers states have. These supranational institutions both place limits on what states can legally do, and provide some remedies for violations of human rights. These remedies range from authorizing\u00a0humanitarian intervention\u00a0under Chapter VII of the UN Charter to\u00a0peacekeeping missions\u00a0to authorizing the arrest of a head of state. Recent normative developments, such as the\u00a0responsibility to protect (R2P)\u00a0doctrine, may create higher costs for states that abuse their citizens and may provide another justification for international humanitarian intervention, as happened in Libya in the spring of 2011.<br \/>\nAnother means of protecting human rights originates with non-state actors such as\u00a0NGOs. Organizations such as\u00a0Amnesty International\u00a0and\u00a0Human Rights Watch\u00a0expose violations of human rights, which put pressure on governments to change their practices. Citizens themselves sometimes organize to overthrow human-rights violating regimes such as occurred in North Africa and the Middle East in 2011.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<br \/>\n\t\t\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>WEEK FIVE: Protection Of Human Rights And Rule Of Law Defining Human Rights As we&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,108],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1087","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-posts","category-second-term-jss-2-civic-education"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1087","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1087"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1087\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1088,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1087\/revisions\/1088"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1087"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1087"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecolebooks.com\/nigeria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1087"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}