Week 5 – Jss 3 Third Term English Language Notes

Week Five
REVISION
GRAMMAR
TOPIC: PART OF SPEECH
A adjective is described as a word that qualifies or modifies nouns and pronouns. Adjective generally give more information about nouns and pronouns in items of their attributes such as quality, colour, quantity, etc. such words come nearer to the nouns they modify than all other elements that modify such nouns.

 TYPES OF ADJECTIVES USES
There are to uses of every adjective namely;

1. Attribute use
2. Predictive use

1. Attributive Use: – An adjective used with a noun is known as attributive use.

   Examples;
   Beautiful girl
   Cleaver student
   Tall tree
   Fair face
   Lovely flower

    

2. Predictive Use: – An adjective used with a verb is known as predictive use.
3. Examples;

   She is afraid
   He is alive
   They are dead
   He looked happy

 KINDS OF ADJECTIVES
Adjectives are divided into ten types namely;

1. Adjective of Quality
2. Adjective of Quantity
3. Adjective of Number
4. Demonstrative Adjective
5. Distributive Adjective
6. Interrogative Adjective
7. Possessive Adjective
8. Emphasizing Adjective
9. Exclamatory Adjective
10. Proper Adjective

1. Adjective of Quality: – Is the adjective that is used to talk about the quality of a person or thing. Examples; Wealthy, Regional, Industrial, Fundamental, Elementary, Primary.

   Example;

• The Yoruba is regional language
• He is a wealthy person
• Kafanchan is an industrial city

1. Adjective of Quantity: – An adjective used to talk about quantity of things. Example; little, much, enough, no, any, whole, some, all great, half, sufficient.

   Example;

• There is a little milk in the jug
• My father earned enough money
• He showed much courage in the war

1. Adjective of Number: – An adjective used to talk about the number of things or person is known as adjective of number.

   Examples; fine, few, no, many, all, some, most, several, first any, one
   Example;

• She wrote six papers for her B.A
• Only a few people are kind to the poor
• I got first class in my B.A
• All students passed in the exam

1. Demonstrative Adjective: – An adjective use to point out which person or thing we speak about is known as demonstrative adjective.

   Examples; this, that, these, those
   Example;

• This book is very interesting
• That girl is very beautify
• These flowers are lovely

1. Distributive Adjective: – is an adjective used to refer to each and every person or thing separately.

   Examples; each, every, either, neither, any, none, both
   Example;

• Each boy was awarded a diploma
• Every Nigeria is entitled to adult franchise
• Every citizen should love his mother land
• Neither party has got majority in the recent elections
• Neither country accepted the treaty

1. Interrogative Adjective: – An adjective used to question is known as interrogative.

   Examples; what, which, whose.
   Example;

• What advice shall I give you?
• What language do you teach at college?
• Which places do you wish to visit?
• Which poet do you like most?
• Whose photograph is this?
• Whose hand writing is this?

On whose recommendation did you apply for this post?

1. Possessive Adjective: – Is an adjective used to talk about ownership or possession.

   Examples; my, your, our, his, her, its, their.
   Example;

• my mother is a teacher
• your father is a doctor
• our country is Nigeria
• his wealth was lost
• her husband died in an accident
• all their daughters were married last

 ADVERBS

 An adverb is a word which modifies the meaning of a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
Examples:
She writes quickly
Bokola is very smart
He explained the poem fairly well

 KINDS OF ADVERBS
Adverbs are divided into eight kinds on the basis of their use.
i.     Adverb of Manner
ii     Adverb of Place
iii.    Adverb of Time
iv.    Adverb of Frequency
v.    Adverb of Certainty
vi.    Adverb of Degree
vii.    Interrogative Adverb
viii.    Relative Adverb

1. Adverb of Manner: An adverb used to show how an action is done is known as an adverb of manner.

   Examples; quickly, bravely, happily, hand, fast, well, clearly, soundly, probably, possibly, evidently, unfortunately, luckily, sadly.
   Example;
   

• They lived happy
• Bukola walks gracefully
• She speaks fluently

   

1. Adverb of Place: Is an adverb that is used to show where an action is done.

   Examples; here, there, up, down, near, below, above, away, out, everywhere, backward, within, by.
   Example;

• I went there
• She stood near the gate
• Please come here

   

1. Adverb of Time: An adverb used to show when an action is done.

   Examples; now, then, today, tomorrow, early, soon, already, never, since, formerly.
   Example;
   

• My father is not at home now
• She will come here soon
• She came late yesterday

   

1. Adverb of Frequency: An adverb used to show how often an action is done is known as an adverb of frequency.

   Examples; once, twice, often, never, always, occasionally, again, frequently, seldom, sometimes.
   Example;
   

• They talked to each other again
• We visited Jos twice
• They never go to films

1. Adverb of Certainty: An adverb used to show definiteness of the action is known as an adverb of certainty.

   Examples; certainly, surely, definitely, obviously.
   Example;
   
    

• Surely, she love me
• I shall certainly help you
• Janet is obviously very clever