Week 9 – Jss 2 Second Term English Studies Lesson Notes

WEEK NINE
TITLE: SPEECH WORK: Consonant /m/, /n/ and /⌡/
These sounds are called nasal sounds. The nasal sound in English are consonants which are produced when the soft palate is lowered to close the oral cavity so that airstream passes through the nasal cavity. The nasals are /m/, /n/ and /J/ and they are all voiced.
The lips are closed while the soft palate is lowered to cover the oral cavity and allow air pass through the nasal cavity for the production of /m/. This nasal sound is therefore, produced if you close the lips, breathe comes out through the nose and add some “voice” to the breath stream. The spelling symbol is usually “m”. Pronounce the following words where /m/ occurs at the initial and final position.
/m/ at     Initial Position        Final Position

1. man         cram
2. make         lame
3. meat         steam
4. mile         calm
5. mob         bomb
6. mark         clamp
7. mean         blame

In /n/, while the soft pilate is lowered to allow the air stream pass through the nasal cavity, the tip of the tongue forms a closure with the alveolar ridge for the production of /n/. The vocal cords vibrate during the articulation of /n/ which is an alveolar nasal. The spelling symbol is “n” but it is silent after “m” in word – final position as in “damn” and “hymn”.
/n/ at     Initial Position     Final Position

1. nab         ban
2. net         trin
3. knit         corn
4. nice         sign
5. nose         tone

/J/ – As the airstream passes through the nasal cavity, as a result of the lowering of the soft palate, the back of the tongue formed a closure with the volem for the production of /J/. The vocal cords vibrate during the production of the consonant which is alveolar nasal /J/ does not occur at the beginning of a word and the spelling symbols are: “ng” and “nk”.
/J/ at     Initial Position     Final Position

1. ringer         bang
2. hunger         swing
3. tangle         tongue
4. anger         sting
5. stronger         sing
6. banquesst        wing etc.

 Assignment
Indicate the consonant at the final position in each of the following words. Write the appropriate symbols.

1. E.g. boom    /m/
2. Damn
3. Sign
4. Nose
5. Halve
6. Walked
7. Cough
8. Legs
9. Limb
10. With

 LESSON TWO
GRAMMAR: Punctuation Marks (Continues)
Sub – Title: The Question Marks, The Colon and The Semicolon.
A. THE QUESTION MARKS (?) – It is used after direct speech. Example: (i) What is your name?     (ii) Who are you?
B. THE COLON (:) – It is used for introducing quotations, lists etc, examples
(i) In Oke – Odo market, I saw the following: maize, yams, fisher, vegetables and tomatoes.
(ii) My father said: Coming Christmas, he will ride a Toyota Camry car.
C. THE SEMI COLON (;) – It is used between two closely joined principal or main clause. Examples
(i) The sun was setting; the shadow were long
(ii) The book is not mine; it is my uncle’s

 Assignment
Punctuate the following sentences
Exercise 19D. Page 153
Question No 11 – 20
Reference: Progressive English An Elaborate coverage of Grammar. By J. Addai.

 LESSON THREE
READING AND COMPREHENSION
As in Week 8
Reference – New Oxford for junior Secondary school book 2. Unit 10. Page 96
Reading to understand the writer’s purpose
Persuasion:
Read this. Then do the exercise below it
Title: When Should They Go?

 LESSON FOUR
COMPOSITION: Revision on the types of Letters and Essay

 LESSON FIVE
LITERATURE – IN – ENGLISH
Revision on Literacy