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WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT


INTRODUCTION
HTML, an initialism of Hypertext Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. I provides a means to describe the structure of text- based information in a document by denoting certain text as lines, headings, paragraphs, lists and so on.HTML is written in the form of labels (known as tags or elements),surrounded by angle brackets.
HTML pages are used for specifying web page content. They contain information and instructions to web browsers that inform them of what to display, and how it should be displayed. It is a simple format, easily learnt, and can support a number of media devices, such as sound, graphic images, and video.
HTML documents are ASCII files, and are created using a simple text editor (or an editor like Front Page). With a text editor, you cannot see what the code looks like in the browser, unless you save the page and then load it into the browser for viewing. WYSIWYG (What you see is what you get) editors like Front Page allow you to view the page as it is constructed in the editor window.
One advantage of using a simple text editor is that you have more control over the HTML code; the disadvantage is you must know the code and have a picture in your mind as to what it looks like. Another disadvantage, is since HTML is becoming more complex, it is harder to write, and sophisticated editors like Front Page support the advanced features making it easier for you to implement them.
HTML is a series of tags enclosed in <and> brackets. For instance,is an HTML tag that defines a head section of an HTML document. Certain characters are reserved, such &which are interpreted as HTML codes.
Explanation:
The first tag in your HTMl document is <HTML>.This tells your browser that, this is the start of an HTML document. The last tag in your document is <⁄HTML>. This tag tells your browser that this is the end of the HTML document.
The text between the tag and the <HEAD> tag and the <⁄HEAD>is header information. Header information is not displayed in the browser window. The text between the <TITLE> tag is the title of your document. The title is displayed in your browser. The text between theand tags will be displayed in a bold font.

Each HTML page adheres to a basic structure. This looks like

When viewed in the browser, this page looks like.

Textual Information to be displayed
HTML TEXT FORMATTING

HTML TAGS
HTML codes are not case sensitive. Most HTML tags need an end-tag to end it. An example of an HTML tag is , <HEAD> and the end tag for this is <⁄HEAD>.
BOLD TYPE
The BOLD print tag starts with <B> and ends with<⁄B> so that all text in-between the tags is printed in bold.
Example of using the bold tag
  • the source in the HTML page looks like
    <B>This is bold text <⁄B> and this is not.
  • the resultant output by the browser looks like
    This is bold text and this is not.
SPACES, TABS AND FORMATTING
Newlines, spaces and tabs are ignored (single spaces accepted).
Example of spaces in the input text
  • the source in the HTML page looks like
This line contains heaps of spaces.
  • the resultant output by the browser looks like
    This line contains heaps of spaces.
To format text literally, the <PRE> and <⁄PRE>tags are used. This is how the above line that contains all the spaces was inserted into this document.
LARGE SIZE TEXT
There are 6 header sizes, from H1, the smallest, to H6, the largest. The HTML tags <H1> to <H6> are used to define the size of text. The normal size is about<H2>.
Examples of using the tag to implement larger style text
  • the source in the HTML page looks like <H3> This is header size 3 <⁄H3>
  • the resultant output by the browser looks like:
    This is header size 3
ITALIC TEXT
The ITALIC print tag starts with <I> ends with <I> so that all text in-between the tags is printed in italics.
Example of using the italics tag
  • the source in the HTML page looks like
    <I>This is italic text<I> and this is not.
  • the resultant output by the browser looks like
    This is italic text and this is not.
A PAGE TITLE
A page title, specified on an HTML page, appears in the title window of the browser.
  • add a title which appears in the title bar of the browser
    <TITLE>This appears in the title window<⁄TITLE>
A HORIZONTAL DIVIDER
This is used for breaking pages up, by separating sections using a horizontal line.
  • the source in the HTML page looks like <HR>
  • the resultant output by the browser looks like
In addition, a number of effects can be applied to a horizontal rule, such as color, size and width tags.
  • the source in the HTML page looks like
  • the resultant output by the browser looks like
ADDING IMAGES
Graphic images are added to an HTML page using the <IMG> tag.
  • the source in the HTML page looks like
    <IMG SRC=”http://msomimaktaba.blogspot.com/icon.gif”>This is an icon
  • the resultant output by the browser looks like
    This is an icon
LINKING TO OTHER PAGES
This is called a hyper-link. It shows up in the document as underlined text, and allows the user to load another page.
HTML Tag
Resultant Output
&
&
<
<
>
>
©
©
insert a space
&reg
©


Detecting the Browser Type
Because browsers display HTML slightly differently, and not all statements are supported by every browser, JavaScript is often used to perform actions based on a particular browser type. This calls for some code which will detect the browser type. An example follows,

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