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BIOLOGY PRACTICAL QUESTIONS – TRANS MARA DISTRICT
Each student should be provided with:-
- Specimen P – fresh piece of mammalian lungs
Specimen Q – fresh piece of mammalian trachea
- Petri dishes –
- A white tile
- A scalpel blade
- A hand lens
- Ruler
2. Specimen R – fresh peas in a pod (Legume)
Specimen S – An orange/lemon (ripe)
1. (a) You are provided with specimen P and Q which were obtained from the same animal.
Examine them carefully and answer the questions that follow:
(b) Which organ system were the specimen P and Q obtained from
(c) State the functions of P and Q in the organ system named in (b) above
(d) State four adaptations in each one of specimen P and Q to their functions
(e) Using a scalpel cut and draw a well labelled transverse section of specimen P
2. You are provided with specimen labeled R and S. Use them to answer the questions that follow:
(a) State the type of fruit labelled R and S
(b) (i) Draw a plan diagram of the longitudinally cut surface of specimen R
(ii) Work out your magnification
(iii) State the placentation of specimen R
(c) (i) State the method of dispersal of specimen R and S giving reasons for each case.
Fill your answers in the table below
(ii) Give one advantage of the method of dispersal of specimen S and one disadvantage of
dispersal of specimen R.
3. You are provided with photographs of specimen K, L, M, N and P. using observable features
only, 
answer the questions that follow:
(a) (i) State the phylum of the organisms
(ii) Give two reasons for your answer in (a) (i) above
(b) With reasons give the class of :
(i) Specimen K
Reason
(ii) Specimen N .
Reason
(c) (i) State two ways by which specimen M is adapted to locomotion
(ii) Identify the type of growth that occurs in members of specimen M
(iii) Name the hormone responsible for metamorphosis in specimen M
(d) State two economic importance of specimen P
TRANS MARA DISTRICT BIOLOGY PRACTICAL MARKING SCHEME (ANSWERS)
1. (a) P – Part of mammalian lung
Q – Part of mammalian trachea
(b) Respiration/breathing system
(c) P- This is where diffusion/gaseous exchange occurs
Q – Allows passage of air into the lungs
(d) – It is elastic to allow stretching or expansion
– Has numerous blood vessels to facilitate efficient transportation of gases
– Presence of bronchiole for passes of air in and out
– Presence of pleural membrane that produces pleural fluid thus reducing friction – Presence of spongy air spaces /alveoli to increase the surface area for gaseous exchange
Q – Rigid, firm/hard rings of cartridge to prevent collapsing/keeps it open to allow passage of air.
– Presence of muscles between the rings/cartilage to allow for movement
– Mucus living to trap foreign particles/filter air
– Cartilage rings are C-shaped to allow room for expansion
– To score a mark; the feature is tied to a function
N/B- The score for the drawing – the drawing should have continuous outline (double) no
shading and proportional in pencil.
– To score the label mark, the label line should not cross, no arrows
2. (a) specimen – R- Legume, S-Berm
(b) (i)
(ii) Magnification = length of drawing
Length of specimen
= X
Y
(iii) Marginal placentation
(c) (i)
Specimen | Method of dispersal | Reasons |
R | Self explosion |
|
S | Animal/man Reject: bird | – has brightly coloured skin to attract animal |
|
(ii) S – Can be dispersed over a long distance hence low chances of overcrowding
R- Dispersed over a short distance hence high changes of overcrowding
3. (a) (i) Phylum arthropoda
(ii) – Have segmented bodies
– Posses jointed limbs and appendages
(b) (i) K – cross – crustaceae
Reasons – has two pairs of antennae
– has forked appendage
(ii) N – class –chilopoda
Reason – All many segments with one pair of legs per segment
(c) (i) – Has two pairs of using for flying
– Has powerful (muscular) hind limb for hopping/jumping
– Intermittent growth
(ii) – moulting/ecdysome hormone
(d)- Enhance nutrient cycling/humus
– Aeration of soil
