P.3 LITERACY TWO TERM II NOTES

NEEDS IN OUR SUB-COUNTY

1. What are needs?

Needs are things which people desire/want in their daily life.

2.
Types of needs.

• Basic needs
• Non-basic needs

Basic needs

3. What are basic needs?

• Basic needs are things which people cannot do without.

4. Examples of basic needs;

• Food
• Shelter
• Education
• Medical care
• Security
• Water
• Clothing’s

Non basic needs

5. What are non-basic needs?

• These are things which people can do without.

6. Examples of non-basic needs;

• Car
• Television
• Computer
• Mobile phone

Sources of food

7. People get food from;

• Gardens
• Markets and supermarkets
• Shops
• Lakes
• Rivers
• Animals

8.
Why do we need food?

• We need food for growth
• We need food for proper health
• We need food to get energy
  

9. What is food security?

• This is when there’s enough food for the people in an area’

10. What is food insecurity?

• This is when the available food is not enough for the people in an area.

11. Causes of food insecurity

• Increasing population in an area.
• Rural-urban migration
• Wars
• Natural disasters like floods, drought, and diseases.
• Some people don’t want to work.

12. How to increase food supply:

• Irrigation during the dry seasons
• Storing enough food during production
• Reducing population through family planning
• Application of fertilizers
• Encouraging the use of good farming methods
• Controlling pests
• Lack of land for farming
• Infertile soils

Sources of water

1. There are two types of water sources namely:

A) Natural sources e.g.

• Rain main source of water)
• Natural lakes
• Swamps
• Rivers
• Seas
• Oceans

B) Man-made sources e.g.

• Wells
• Boreholes
• Protected springs
• Ponds

2. Problems people face in getting water

• Lack of clean containers
• Pipes burst
• Drying up of water sources mainly during dry season.
• Lack of money to buy water at times mainly in town.
• Contamination of water sources (water pollution).

3. Why is rainfall the main source of water?

• Supplies water to all other water sources.

Uses of Water.

4. Water is used for both domestic (home) and industrial use.

• Domestic uses of water
  
  • Water is used for drinking
  • Water is used for washing clothes and utensils.
  • We use water for mopping house.

• Industrial uses of water.

   

  • Water is used as a raw material for making drinks like soda, mineral water soft juice and beer.
  • Water is used for making flour in the baking industrial.
  • Water is used to cool machines
  • Water is used for irrigation

Shelter

1. Why people need shelter.

• Shelter protects people from wild animals.
• Shelter protects people from bad people.
• Shelter protects people from bad weather like rain and the sun.
• Houses keep us warm

   

2. How people get shelter

• By building their own houses
• By renting
• By buying their own houses
• By inheriting

   

3. Examples of houses

• Tents
• Bungalows
• Kiosks
• Flats

   

4. Types of shelter /houses

• Permanent houses
• Semi-permanent houses
• Temporary houses

   

5. Building materials for permanent houses

• bricks
• cement
• stones
• iron bars
• nails
• timber
• iron sheets

6. Draw and name any four examples of building material for permanent houses

7. Building materials for a temporary /semi-permanent house

• Poles
• Mud
• Papyrus
• Grass

8. Things used for making cloths /raw materials:

• Cotton
• Silk
• Nylon
• Wool
• Skin and hides

   

9. Why do people wear clothes?

• Cloths keep our bodies warm
• People wear cloths to be smart
• People wear clothes for privacy
• Police officers, nurses, pupils, and students wear uniform for identification.
• We buy clothes from shops and market.

   

10. General reasons why people fail to satisfy/ meet their needs:

• People do not have enough money
• Some people do not have jobs to do
• Some people are lazy and do not want to work
• Some people are ignorant
• Over population
• Instability
• Natural disaster like drought diseases.

A table showing why people fail to satisfy / meet each need.

11. Ways people can meet their needs.

• People should work hard and get money.
• Small scale industries should be open to provide jobs.
• Using family planning to control population.
• Using good farming methods.
• Touring new areas to get information.
• The government and local councils should keep peace, law and order.
• Non- government organizations should come in to help people.

12. People who help us to meet our needs

SOCIAL SERVICES IN OUR SB-COUNTY

1. What are social services?

• Social services refer to the work done by organizations and
  to make people’s lives better.

OR

• Social services are provisions by organizations or the government to make peoples life better

2. Examples of social services.

• Education
• Health
• Housing
• Banking
• Security
• Communication services
• Transport
• Water supply

3. People who provide social services are called social workers.

Education service.

• People get education from schools, colleges, universities, churches, elders.

1. People who provide education services include;

• Teachers
• Lecturers
• Tutors
• Parents
• Religious leaders
• Professors

Importance of education.

2. Why do people need education?

• To get knowledge and skills
• To improve their lives
• To get jobs
• To be able to help other people

3. Types of schools

• Nursery schools
• Primary schools
• Secondary schools
• Tertiary schools
• Universities e.g. Makerere, Nkumba.

4. Schools that train children with special needs such as the blind, the dumb, the deaf and the crippled are called special schools.

5. Schools are owned by either the government or private individuals.

6. What are private schools?

• Private schools are schools owned individuals.

7. Mention any five examples of private schools.

• Greenhill Academy
• Silver spoon primary school
• Ebenezer primary school
• City parents school
• Kampala junior school

8. What are government schools?

Government schools are schools owned by the government/ state

9. Examples of government schools are;

• Nakasero primary school
  Kabuli demonstration school
• Nakivubo primary school
• Buganda road primary school
• Old Kampala secondary school
• Kabuli secondary school

10. UPE/USE is the program where pupils/students do not pay school fees in government schools.

11. Write these in full.

• UPE-Universal Primary Education
• USE-Universal Secondary Education

12 Problems faced by UPE/USE schools

• Lack of enough furniture
• Frequent absenteeism by teachers and pupils
• Overcrowding in classes
• Lack of enough money to buy school food equipment like chalk, pens, books
• Poor sanitation
• Lack of enough trained teachers

13. All schools in Uganda are under the Ministry of Education and Sports (MOES)

14. The minister of education and sports is Hon. Jessica Alupo.

15. The state minister for primary education is called Hon.Kamanda Bataringaya.

Water supply

People who supply water services are called plumbers

Security services

• Security means having peace on an area.

1. People who provides security in our sub-county includes.

• The army
• Police
• Local Defence Unit(LDU)
• Local Council(LC)
• Private security guards
• Prison officers

2. How security is kept by the above organs

• The army fights all people who attack us with guns.
• The police keep law and order.
• The LDU works with the police to arrest wrong doers.
• The prison force keeps wrong doers out of good people.

3. Why are wrong doers kept in prisons?

• To reform (change) into good people.
• To stop them from committing more crimes.

4. How do the police keep law and order?

• Arresting wrongdoers
• Keeping wrong doers in cells before they are taken to court
• Controlling traffic on roads
• Investigating crimes

Transport and communication.

1. What is transport?

Transport is the movement of people and goods from one place to another.

2. Types of transport

• Road transport
• Water transport
• Air transport
• Railway transport.

3. Means of road transport

• Cars
• Lorries
• Bicycles
• Motorcycles
• Buses
• Omnibus
• Wheelbarrows
• Animals like donkeys, hoses, oxen, camels.

4. Draw, name and color any two means of transport

5. Advantages of road transport

• Roads are easy to construct
• It is very common and flexible i.e. roads reach every part of country
• Road transport is cheapest than air transport
• It is faster than water and railway transport.

6. Disadvantages of road transport

• Accidents are common
• It is affected by traffic fan mostly town
• Roads are very expensive to construct
• There are highway robbers on roads
• It does not keep a fixed time table
• Marrum roads become very muddy and slippery in wet season
• Does not follow a fixed time table
  

7. Means of water transport

• Trains
• Water transport
• Boats
• Ships
• Ferries
• Canoes
• Yachts

8. Draw, name and color any two means used on water transport

9. Advantages of water transport

• It is cheapest type of transport
• It is the best type of transport for carrying bulky goods
• It is not affected by traffic jam.

10. Disadvantages of water transport

• It can be used by people near water bodies
• The water weed and strong winds make movement on water difficult because they capsize boats
• They volume of water during the dry season
• Cannot be used on lives with waterfalls.
• It is very slow that it can be used to carry perishable goods
• Dangerous animals like crocodiles and hippos capsize boats and kill people
• Some water bodies are shallow
• There are purities (robbers) on water

11. Means of air transport

• Aero planes
• Rockets
• Parachutes
• Helicopters
• Jets

12. Draw, name and colour any two means of air transport

13. An aero plane is the fastest means of transport in Uganda awhile air transport is the fastest type of transport

14. The international airport in Uganda is Entebbe air port.

.

15. Advantages of Air transport

• It is the fastest type of transport
• It is the best for carrying perishable goods like fruit, and vegetables.
• It is very comfortable
• It is not affected by jam

16. Disadvantages of air transport

• It is the most expensive type of transport.
• Accidents are very deadly and few chances surviving
• It is affected by bad weather
• It carries limited cargo
• It is expensive to construct an air port / air strip

   

17. Means of railway transport

• Trains

18. Advantages of railway transport

• It can be used for carrying bulky goods
• It is cheaper than road and air
• It has less accidents and it’s not affected by traffic jam
• It is time tabled

19. Disadvantages of railway transport

• It is very expensive to construct railway line
• Some places do not have railway lines
• It is very slow
• It is not good for carrying perishable goods
• It is difficult to construct railways across forests, lakes, mountains and rivers.

20. Importance of transport

Transport is good because:-

• It enables people to move from one place to another.
• Transport promotes trade
• People are able to carry goods from one place to another.
• It provides employment (jobs) to people like drivers, pilots, captains

Communication

1. What is communication?

• Communication is the sending and receiving of messages.

2. Means of communication

Communication means can be grouped into traditional (local) and modern means.

• Traditional means of communication:
  • drums
  • whistles
  • Horns
  • Bells
  • Gestures
  • Smoke

4. Draw and name any two local means of communication

5. Advantages of traditional methods

• They are cheap.
• They are easy to use.
  

6. Disadvantages of traditional methods

• They cover small area.
• Some do not favour the deaf, the blind and the dumb.
  

7. Modern means of communication

• Telephone
• Newspapers
• Television
• Telex
• Telegrams
• Computers
• Radios

8. Draw, name, and color any two modern means of communication.

9. Types of newspapers sold.

• New vision
• Daily monitor
• Bukedde
• Red paper
• Etop
• The weekly observer
• Orumuri
• The East African
• Onion
• Eddobozi
• The Razor
• Citizen

10. Examples of telephone companies

• Mobile telephone network (MTN)
• Airtel
• Uganda telecommunication (UTL)
• Orange telecom
• Warid
• Smile

11. Examples of radio station

• Capital radio
• Radio one
• Sanyu
• Radio Uganda
• Top radio
• Impact
• Radio samba
• Central broadcasting service (CBS)
• Dembe F.M
• K. FM

12. What is the importance of radio in your homes?

• People get new things through a radio
• People listen to music from a radio
• A radio provide entertainment to people
• People listen to announcements

13. Examples of television stations

• Light house Television (LTV)
• Channel television (C T V)
• Uganda Broadcasting Corporation(UBC)
• Wavamuno Broadcasting services(WBS)
• Bukedde Television
• Channel O
• M-Net
• Magic television

14. Advantages of modern communication methods

• They cover a wide area
• They are quick

15. Disadvantages of modern methods of communication

• They are expensive to buy
• They need a skilled person to use them
• Newspapers, televisions and computers show immoral pictures
• They can not be used in areas without electricity like villages

Medical service

1. We get medical services from.

• Hospitals
• Clinics
• Dispensaries
• Drug shops
• Pharmacies

2. People who provide medical service include:-

• Doctors e.g. surgeons, dentist and opticians.
• Nurses
• Mid wives
• Lab technicians / attendants.

3. What is the use of an ambulance?

• An ambulance carries sick people(patients) to hospital
• It also carries casualties to hospital

Banking service

1. People who provide banking service include:

• Bank managers
• Bank accountants

2. Examples of banks include the following:-

• Bank of Uganda
• Stanbic
• Barclays
• D F C U
• Baroda

3. Importance of banks

• It provides jobs
• Banks provide loans to people
• They keep important documents like land titles.
• They give provide foreign exchange services
• They print money.

LIVING THINGS IN OUR SUB COUTY.

Plants

1. Plants grown and cared for by people are called crops.

2. Crops are grouped into;

• Food crops
• Cash crops
  

3. What are food crops?

Food crops are crops grown mainly for food/consumption

4. Examples of food crops include;

• Bananas
• Rice
• Millet
• Cassava
• Tomatoes
• Potatoes
• Carrots
• beans
  

5. Draw name and colour any two food crops

6. What are cash crops?

Cash crops are crops grown for sale.

7. Examples of cash crops include;

• Coffee
• Tobacco
• Cotton
• Tea
• Cocoa
• Vanilla
• Oil palm
• Sisal
• Sugar canes

8. Cash crop are used as raw materials for making different products in industries

9. Uses of cash crops

(a)Cotton

• For making cloths
• We get cotton wool
• We get cooking oil and animal feeds from cotton

• Coffee
  
  • We get soft drinks (beverages)
  • Coffee husks are for manure.

(c)
Tobacco

• People get cigarettes

(d) Sisal

• For making ropes, sacks and bags.

(e)Vanilla

• We get soft drinks (beverages) and spices

(f)Sugarcanes

• We get sugar, sweets and molasses

(g)Cocoa

• For making beverages and chocolate

Animals

1. Animals are grouped into:-

1. Domestic
2. Wild animals

2. What are domestic animals?

Domestic animals are animals kept at home.

3. Examples;

• Cows
• Goats
• Pigs
• Dogs
• Cats
• Donkeys
• Camels
• Oxen
• horses
• sheep

4. Uses of domestic animals

5. Dangers of domestic animals

• They destroy peoples crops

• Animals dung makes compound dirty
• Animals dung is a breeding area for germs
• They make a lot of noise in homes
• They keep vectors like lice and fleas that spread diseases to people
• Mad dogs (rapid dogs) spread rabies to people

5. Ways of caring for domestic animals:

• treating sick animals
• proper feeding
• providing shelter
• protecting domestic animals from bad people and wild animals

Wild animals.

1. What are wild animals?

Wild animals are animals which live in bushes and forests.

2. Examples animals include the following:

• snakes
• lions
• leopard
• Rhinoceros
• Wolves
• Giraffes
• Baboons
• Antelopes
• Monkeys
• Elephants
• Tigers
• Hippopotamuses crocodiles
• Chimpanzees
• Gorillas
• Hyenas
• Cheetahs
• Buffaloes

3. Wild animals are kept in special places called game parks, game reserves and zoos for example; the wildlife Education centre at Entebbe.

4. What is poaching?

Poaching is the illegal hunting of wild animal in game parks.

5. Examples of game parks include the following;

• Kidepo NP
• Queen Elizabeth NP
• Mt Rwenzori NP
• Mburo.NP

6. Uses of wild animals.

• They attract tourists to visit game parks and reserves
• Who are tourists?
• Tourists are visitors from outside countries.

NB: These tourists pay money to our country called foreign exchanges

• Some wild animals provides meat e.g. hippos, antelopes and buffaloes.
• Animals in the zoo are used for learning purpose.
• Same wild animals provide skins and hides e.g. snakes, lions, leopards, peacock and doves.

7. Wild animals that have been tamed by man are called domesticated animals.

8. Examples of animals that can be domesticated are;

• Monkeys
• Buffaloes
• Apes
• Chimpanzees

9. Things made out of skins and hides

• Bags
• Belts
• Shoes
• Drums
• Same clothes
• Wallets.

10. Draw any two examples of things made out of skins and hides

Dangers of wild animals.

• Some wild animals destroy crops squirrels, monkeys and elephants.
• Some wild animals like lions killed people and domestic animals.
• Wild animals are a threat to people who live near game parks.

THE END